Name
- Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), Claudius, astronomer, c 90-c 1686
- Alhazen, 965-10394
- Thābit ibn Qurrah al-Ḥarrānī, Translator, mathematician, d 9013
- Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, polymath, 1201-12743
- Theodosius, astronomer and mathematician of Bithynia, c 160-c 100 BC2
- Aristarchus, of Samos, c 310-c 230 BC1
- Autolycus, of Pitane, mathematician, fl 300 BC1
- Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, polymath scientist and translator, 973?-10481
- Ibn Maṭar, al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf, 786-8301
- Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn, Translator, 831?-910?1
- Nīsābūrī, Niẓām al-Dīn al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad, d 1328 or 13291
- Qusṭā ibn Lūqā, translator, physician, c 820-c 9121
- Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī, Maḥmūd ibn Mas‘ūd, Astronomer, philosopher, theologian, 1236?-1310?1
- Zarqālī, Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyá, astronomer, d 11001
- Ṣūfī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ‘Umar, Astronomer, 903-9861