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Add MS 10546
- Record Id:
- 032-002108347
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002108347
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000042.0x0003dd
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Add MS 10546
- Title:
-
Bible (The 'Moutier-Grandval Bible')
- Scope & Content:
-
This one-volume Bible of the entire Vulgate as revised by Alcuin of York (d. 804) is one of three surviving illustrated copies produced in Tours at the Benedictine abbey of St Martin. It was probably made during the abbacy of either Adalhard (834-843) or Vivien (843-851) (see McKitterick, 'Carolingian Bible' (1994), pp. 71-72) or slightly earlier in the transition period between the abbacies of Fridigus (807-834) and Adalhard (see Die Bibel (1971), p. 63).
The order of books is as follows:
ff. 2r-4v: St Jerome, Epistle to Paulinus, incipit: ‘Frater Ambrosius.’
ff. 6r-6v: St Jerome, preface, rubric: ‘Incipit prefacio sancti Hieronimi presbyteri’, incipit: ‘Desiderii mei.’
ff. 6v-14r: Genesis with capitula.
ff. 24r-40r: Exodus with capitula.
ff. 40v-51: Leviticus.
ff. 51r-66r: Numbers.
ff. 66r-80r: Deuteronomy.
ff. 80r-80v: St Jerome, prologue to Joshua.
ff. 81r-89r: Joshua.
ff. 89v-97v: Judges with capitula.
ff. 97v-89v: Ruth.
ff. 99r-99v: St Jerome, prologue to 1 Kings.
ff. 99v-111r: 1 Kings with capitula.
ff. 111v-120r: 2 Kings with capitula.
ff. 120v-130r: 3 Kings with capitula.
ff. 130r-140v: 4 Kings with capitula.
ff. 141r: St Jerome, prologue to Isaiah.
ff. 141v-159v: Isaiah.
f. 159v: St Jerome, prologue to Jeremiah.
ff. 160-181v: Jeremiah, with Lamentations (ff. 180r-181v).
f. 182r: St Jerome, prologue to Ezeckiel.
f. 182r-201r: Ezeckiel.
ff. 201r-201v: St Jerome, prologue to Daniel.
ff. 201v-209v: Daniel.
f. 209v: St Jerome, prologue to Hosea.
ff. 210r-212v: Hosea.
ff. 212v-213v: Joel.
ff. 213v-216r: Amos.
f. 216r: Obadiah.
ff. 216r-217r: Jonah.
ff. 217r-218v: Micah.
ff. 218v-219r: Nahum.
ff. 219r-220r: Habakkuk.
ff. 220r-220v: Zephaniah
ff. 220v-221r: Haggai.
ff. 221r-224r: Zechariah.
ff. 224r-224v: Malachi.
ff. 225r-225v: St Jerome, prologue to Job.
ff. 225v-233r: Job.
ff. 233v: St Jerome two prologues to Psalms, ‘David filus Jesse’ and ‘Psalterium romae’.
ff. 234r-248v: Psalms.
ff. 249r: St Jerome, prologue to Proverbs.
ff. 249v-257v: Proverbs with capitula.
ff. 257v-260v: Ecclesiastes with capitula.
ff. 260v-262r: Canticles.
ff. 262r-268r: Wisdom with capitula.
f. 268r: St Jerome, prologue to Ecclesiasticus.
ff. 268v-284v: Ecclesiasticus with capitula.
f. 285r: St Jerome, prologue to 1 Paralipomenon.
ff. 285v-294v: 1 Chronicles.
ff. 295r-307r: 2 Chronicles.
f. 307v: St Jerome, prologue to Ezra.
ff. 308r-316r: Ezra.
f. 316r: St Jerome, prologue to Esther.
ff. 316v-320v: Esther.
f. 321r: St Jerome, prologue to Tobias.
ff. 321r-324r: Tobias.
f. 324r: St Jerome, prologue to Judith.
ff. 324r-328v: Judith.
ff. 329r-339r:1 Maccabees with capitula.
ff. 339v-346v: 2 Maccabees with capitula.
ff. 347r-348v: Capitula to the Gospels.
f. 349r: St Jerome, Epistle to Pope Damasus, incipit: ‘Beato papae Damaso.’
ff. 349v-351r: Canon tables.
f. 351v: St Jerome prologue, incipit: ‘Plures fuisse qui evangelia scripserunt.’
ff. 353r-362v: Matthew.
ff. 362v-369v: Mark with argumentum.
ff. 370r-381v: Luke with argumentum.
ff. 381v-389v: John with argumentum.
f. 390: St Jerome, preface to the Acts of Apostles.
ff. 390r-401v: Acts of Apostles with capitula.
f. 402r: St Jerome, prologue to the seven Catholic Epistles.
ff. 402r-403v: James with capitula.
ff. 403v-405r: 1 Peter with capitula.
ff. 405r-406r: 2 Peter with capitula.
ff. 406r-407r: 1 John with capitula.
ff. 407r-407v: 2 John with capitula.
f. 407v: 3 John with capitula.
f. 407: Jude with capitula.
ff. 408v-409r: Canon tables to the Pauline Epistles.
ff. 409v-441v: Pauline Epistles, each preceded by capitula and argumentum.
f. 442r: St Jerome, prologue to Revelation.
ff. 442v-448v: Revelation.
Decoration:
4 full-page miniatures, before Genesis, Exodus, the Gospels, and after Revelation (ff. 5v, 25v, 352v, 449v).
4 historiated initials in colours, gold and silver (ff. 234r, 262v, 390v, 411v).
Full-page decorated incipit with text written in gold on purple straps and a full border in colours, gold and silver, with interlace decoration (f. 1v).
Canon tables with architectural (ff. 349v-351r) and ornamental (ff. 408v-409r) decoration.
Large initials in colours, gold and silver with interlace decoration, at the beginning of books, some with animals or liturgical objects.
The subjects of miniatures and historiated initials are:
f. 5v: Miniature in four registers: Creation of Adam and Eve; the Fall; the Expulsion from the Paradise; and Eve nursing and Adam labouring (at the beginning of Genesis).
f. 25v: Miniature in two registers: Moses receiving the tablets of law; Moses addressing Aaron and the Israelites (Exodus).
f. 234r: Initial 'B'(eatus) of David and a lion (Psalm 1).
f. 262v: Initial 'D'(iligite) of the personification of Wisdom (Wisdom).
f. 352v: Miniature of Christ in Majesty surrounded by the Evangelists and their symbols (before Matthew).
f. 390v: Initial 'P'(rimus) of the Lamb of God (Acts).
f. 411v: Initial 'P'(aulus) with heads of St Paul and a man holding a sword alluding to St Paul's martyrdom (Romans).
f. 449r: Miniature in two registers of the book ‘sealed with seven seals’ on an altar being opened by the Lamb and the Lion of Judah, with the symbols of the Evangelists; below a veiled enthroned figure with the symbols of the Evangelists (at the end of Revelation).
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Additional Manuscripts
- Hierarchy Tree:
- [{ "id" : "032-002108347", "parent" : "#", "text" : "Add MS 10546: Bible (The 'Moutier-Grandval Bible')" , "li_attr" : {"class": "orderable"} }]
- Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002108347
- Is part of:
- not applicable
- Hierarchy:
- 032-002108347
- Container:
- not applicable
- Record Type (Level):
- Fonds
- Extent:
-
Parchment codex
- Digitised Content:
- https://iiif.bl.uk/uv/#?manifest=https://bl.digirati.io/iiif/ark:/81055/man_10000009.0x000001
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- Latin
- Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 0825
- End Date:
- 0845
- Date Range:
- c 830-c 840
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
- Restrictions to access apply please consult British Library staff
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- User Conditions:
-
Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript.
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Dimensions: 510 x 375 mm.
Foliation: ff. 449 (with parchment pastedowns).
Collation: i5 (ff. 1-5; f. 5 is a singleton); ii-iii8 (ff. 6-21); iv8+1 (ff. 22-30, f. 25 is a singleton); v-xi8 (ff. 31-86); xii-xiii6 (ff. 87-98); xiv-xvii8 (ff. 99-130); xviii10 (ff. 131-140); xix-xxviii8 (ff. 141-223); xxix4 (ff. 224-226); xxx-xxxvi8 (ff. 227-280); xxxvii4 (ff. 281-284); xxxviii-xli8 (ff. 285-316); xlii4 (ff. 317-320); xliii-xliv8 (ff. 321-336); xlv10 (ff. 337-346); xlvi2 (ff. 347-348); xlvii8+1 (ff. 349-357, f. 352 is a singleton); xlviii-lii8 (ff.. 358-397); lxiii10 (ff. 398-407); lxiv2 (ff. 408-409); lxv-lix8 (ff. 410-449; f. 449 is a singleton).
Original leaf signatures (f. 309r: 'in. prim fol.'; f. 310r: 'insec. fol.'; f. 311r: 'in iii fol.'; f. 314r: 'in vi fol.'; f. 315: 'in vii fol').
Quire numbers added by a 16th-century hand.
Script: Caroline minuscule.
Binding: Pre-1600. Tan leather, blind tooled binding, with brass corner and centre-pieces and remains of clasps, 16th century. Add MS 10546/1 is a portion of the former cover, now kept separately, of black velvet with six copper round plaques (repoussé) showing the Crucifixion, the Lamb of God and the symbols of the Evangelists that was made for Henry Speyr-Passavant, a former owner of the manuscript between 1822 and 1836 (see Speyr-Passavant, Description (1829), p. 4), and removed in 1954 (a photograph of the front cover before the removal of the velvet and plaques is now Neg. no. 3862). Speyr-Passavant also commisioned a box lined with crimson velvet with the lid embroidered with fleur-de-lis in gold, and a crucifix in silver sumounting an imperial crown in gold (see Die Bibel (1971), p. 43).
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: France (Tours).
Provenance:
? The Benedictine abbey of St Martin, Tours: evidence of its script and decoration.
The Benedictine abbey of Moutier-Grandval, Jura, canton of Berne, Switzerland (founded in 640 by the abbaye of Luxeuil); from c. 1115 transformed into a chapter of secular canons: probably made for it; removed from the chapter in 1534 during the Swiss reformation and taken by the canons of Moutier-Grandval to Delémont (Delsberg) where they fled and established a new community (dissolved in 1802 by the concordat between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII): includes a list of names of canons of between 1595-1606 (see J. Duft, 'Die Geschichte' in Die Bibel, 1971, p. 31): 'Sancta Maria ora pro nobis. Sanctus Germanus et Randoaldus veri huius libri possessores et ab eorum Collegio et Ecclesia praedictum librum [inserted in the margin] nunquam alienandum, neque alio transportandum, statuere unanimi consensu. Reverendus admotum et Venerabilis Dominus Jo. Henricus Möllifer Praepositus, Paulus des Boys, Archidiaconus, Waltherus Julerat, Custos, Ja. Christophorus Peütinger à Marpach, Jo. Henricus Hügli, Theobaldus Schultheÿlß, Marcellus Vorburger, Georgius Warnier, Erhardus Elspinet, Petrus Saluandus, Wernerus Piderman, Diethelmus Basan, Theobaldus Gorre, Wendelinus Methe, omnes Capitulares' (f. 449v); apparently found in 1821/22 at the former chapterhouse at Delémont by children and passed to 'demoiselles Verdat', owners of the property.
Alexis Bennot (d. 1837), advocate, vice-president of the court of Delémont, bought by him from Verdat and sold to Henry Speyr-Passavant on 19 March, 1822 (see Speyer-Passavant, Description, 1829).
Henry Speyr-Passavant (b. 1782, d. 1852), bookdealer of Basel: sold to the British Museum, in 1836, for £750 (for the circumstance preceding the acquisition see Speyr-Passavant’s ‘Album’ of papers and correspondence relating to the Bible, Add MS 10547, and Tymms, The Art of Illuminating, pp. 29-30, n. 6)).
- Administrative Context:
- France (Tours).
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript, see Digitised Manuscripts http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/.
- Publications:
-
Henry Speyr-Passavant, Description de la Bible écrite par Alchuine, de l'an 778 à 800, et offert par lui à Charlemagne le jour de son couronnement à Rome, l'an 800 (Paris: J. Fontaine, 1829).
List of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the Years MDCCCXXXVI-MDCCCXL (London: George Woodfall and Son, 1843), p. 39.
W.R. Tymms and M.D. Wyatt, The Art of Illuminating as Practised in Europe from the Earliest Times (London: Day and Sons, 1860), pl. IX. 6-7, pp. 29-30.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Ilustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 3.
Leopold Delisle, ‘Les bibles de Theodulfe’, Bibliotheque de l’Ecole des chartes, 40 (1879), 5-47 (p. 28).
[E. Maunde Thompson and G. F. Warner], Catalogue of Ancient Manuscripts in the British Museum, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1881-1884), Part II: Latin, pp. 1-4.
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, 4th edn, ed. by Edward Miller, 2 vols (London: George Bell & Sons, 1894), II, 67.
F.C. Kenyon, Facsimiles of Biblical Manuscripts in the British Museum (London: British Museum, 1900), no. XIV.
British Museum Bible Exhibition 1911: Guide to the Manuscripts and Printed Books exhibited in Celebration of the Tercentenary of the Authorized Version (London: British Museum, 1911), no. 14.
Wilhelm Köhler, 'Die Karolingishen Miniaturen', in Zweiten Bericht über die Denkmäler Deutscher Kunst (Berlin: Reimer, 1912), pp. 52-77 (p. 59).
Amédée Boinet, La miniature carolingienne: ses origines, son développement (Paris: Picard, 1913), pls 44-46.
Schools of Illumination: Reproductions from Manuscripts in the British Museum, 6 vols (London: British Museum, 1914-1930), V: Carolingian and French to early 14th century (1926), pls 3-4.
[Eric G. Millar], British Museum Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 4 (London: British Museum, 1928), pl. 4.
Edward Kennard Rand, A Survey of the Manuscripts of Tours, Studies in the Script of Tours, 1, 2 vols (Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mediaeval Academy of America, 1929), I, no. 77 [with additional bibliography].
E.K. Rand, Review of Wilhelm Köhler, Die Karolingischen Miniaturen, Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen, 193 (1931), 337-51 (p. 342).
Albert Boeckler, Das Goldene Evangelienbuch Heinrichs III (Berlin: Deutscher Verien für Kunstwissenschaft, 1933), pl. 159, pp. 48, 62.
G.L. Micheli, L’enluminure du haut moyen age et les influences irlandaises (Brussels: Editions de la connaissance, 1939), p. 190.
Ernst Kitzinger, Early Medieval Art with Illustrations from the British Museum Collection (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1940), pl. 20.
E.B. Garrison, Studies in the History of Mediaeval Italian Painting, 3 vols (Florence: L’impronta, 1953-58), I, 21 n. 13.
Bonifatius Fischer, Die Alkuin-Bibel (Freiburg: Herder, 1957), p. 14.
Sir Frederic Kenyon, Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, rev. by A. W. Adams, with intro. by G. R. Driver (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode: 1958), p. 258.
Pedro Bohigas, La Ilustración y la Decoratión del Libro Manuscrito en Cataluña: Período Románico (Barcelona: Asociación de Bibliófilos de Barcelona, 1960), p. 89 n. 64.
John Beckwith, Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque, 2nd edn (London: Thames and Hudson, 1969), pls. 45, 46.
Jonathon J.G. Alexander, Norman Illumination at Mont St Michel 966-1100 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 47, 170, 171 n. 2, 191 n. 4, 199 n. 3.
C.R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London: Penguin Books, 1971), pp. 34-36, 38, 146, figs 35-36.
Francis Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the end of the Middle Ages, ed. by Evelyn Antal and John Harthan (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971), pp. 157, 222, pls 107, 130.
Johannes Duft and others, Die Bibel von Moutier-Grandval: British Museum Add. Ms. 10546 (Bern: Verein Schweizerischer Lithographiebesitzer, 1971) [fascimile with commentary].
C.R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London: Penguin Books, 1971), pp. 34-38, 146, pls 35-36.
Elisabeth Klemm, Ein romanischer Miniaturenzyklus aus dem Maasgebiet, Winer Kunstgeschichtliche Forschungen, 2 (Vienna: Adolf Holzhausens, 1973), p. 22, pl. 28.
Kurt Weitzmann, ‘The Study of Byzantine Book Illumination: Past, Present, and Future’, in The Place of Book Illumination in Byzantine Art (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), pp. 1-60 (pp. 46, 57, fig. 39).
Herbert Kessler, The Illustrated Bibles from Tours, Studies in Manuscript Illumination, 7 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977), pp. 5, 14, pls 1, 44, 48, 87, 107.
Francis Wormald, An Early Breton Gospel Book, ed. by Jonathan J.G. Alexander (Cambridge: Roxburghe Club, 1977), p. 5.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Manuscript (Oxford: Phaidon, 1979), p. 14, pl. 5.
Walter Cahn, Romanesque Bible Illumination (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1982), pp. pls 23, 25, 26, 27.
Robert G. Calkins, Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages (London: Thames & Hudson, 1983), pp. 95, 103.
Otto Pächt, Buchmalerei des Mittelalters (Munich: Prestel, 1984), p. 29, pl. 11.
Bonifatius Fischer, Lateinische Bibelhandschriften im frühen Mittelalter, Vetus Latina, 11 (Freiburg: Herder, 1985), pp. 93A, 127-29, 210, 222A, 237, 238A, 239, 241-43, 244A, 245, 253, 255A, 256, 264, 270, etc.
Hartmut Hoffmann, Buchkunst und Königtum im ottonischen und frühsalischen Reich, 2 vols, Schriften der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 30 (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1986) I, 114.
Bonifatius Fischer, Die Lateinischen Evangelien bis zum 10. Jahrhundert, 4 vols (Freiburg: Herder, 1988-1991), I: Varianten zu Matthäus, Vetus Latina die Reste der Altlateinischen Bible: Aus der Geschichte der Lateinischen Bibel, 13, p. 22* (as 'Tg').
Michael Gullick, Calligraphy (London: Studio Editions, 1990), pl. 10.
Rosamond McKitterick, 'Carolingian Uncial: A Context for the Lothar Psalter', British Library Journal, 16 (1990), 1-15 (p. 7).
Pierre Petitmengin, 'La Bible de Rorigon', in Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit, ed. by Henri-Jean Martin and Jean Vezin (Paris: Cercle de la Librairie-Promodis, 1990), p. 79.
Henry Mayr-Harting, Ottonian Book Illumination: An Historical Study, 2 vols (London: Harvey Miller, 1991), I: Themes, p. 233; II, Books, p. 183.
Michelle P. Brown, Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms (London: British Library, 1994), pls on pp. 34-35.
David Ganz, ‘Mass Production of Early Medieval Manuscripts: The Carolingian Bibles from Tours’, in The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration and Use (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 53-62 (pp. 54-55).
Rosamond McKitterick, ‘Carolingian Bible Production: The Tours Anomaly’, in The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration and Use, ed. by Richard Gameson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 63-77 (pp. 71-72).
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (London, British Library, 1997), no. 6.
Michelle P. Brown and Patricia Lovett, The Historical Source Book for Scribes (London: British Library, 1999), pl. on p. 68.
Susanne Rischpler, Biblia Sacra figuris expressa: Mnemotechnische Bilderbibeln des 15. Jahrhunderts, Wissensliteratur im Mittelalter, 36, ed. by Horst Brunner and others (Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2001), pp. 198, 199.
Jeffrey F. Hamburger, St. John the Divine: The Deified Evangelist in Medieval Art and Theology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), p. 91, fig. 76.
Michelle P. Brown, The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality and the Scribe (London: British Library, 2003), p. 226.
Maidie Hilmo, Medieval Images, Icons, and iIlustrated English Literary Texts: From the Ruthwell Cross to the Ellesmere Chaucer (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), figs 12, 10.
Florentine Mütherich, 'Die Initalien der touronische Bibel von St. Maximin', in Studies in Carolingian Manuscript Illumination (London: Pindar, 2004), pp. 362 no. 5, 363 no. 11, 372-73.
Florentine Mütherich, 'Die touronische Bibel von St. Maximin in Trier', in Studies in Carolingian Manuscript Illumination (London: Pindar, 2004), pp. 344, 351.
Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), pp. 10 and 34, fig. 21.
Margaret Scott, Medieval Dress & Fashion (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 1, 2.
Marianne Besseyre and Marie-Thérèse Gousset, L'Apocalypse 1313 (Barcelona: Molieiro, 2008), p. 63 n. 1.
The Practice of the Bible in the Middle Ages, ed. by Susan Boynton and Diane J. Reilly (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), p. 117.
Jean-Louis Walther, 'Angelome de Luxeuil et la Bible de Moutier-Grandval (IXe siècle)', in Autour du scriptorium de Luxeuil, ed. by Jean-Michel Picard (Luxeuil: Les Amis de Saint-Colomban, 2011), pp. 76-151.
Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, The Art of the Bible: Illuminated Manuscripts from the Medieval World (London: Thames & Hudson and the British Library, 2016), no. 6.
Peter K. Klein, 'Circulation, Popularity and Function off Illustrated Apocalypses from the Late Antiquity to High Medieval Europe', in Medieval Europe in Motion: La Circulación de Manuscritos Iluminados en la Península Ibérica, Segunda edición del Congresso Internacional Medieval Europe in Motion, Lisbon 2015, ed. by Alicia Miguélez Cavero and Fernando Villaseñor Sebastian (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2018), pp. 201-14 (p. 204).
Yves Christe, 'Un nouveau Sinai pour Pierre et Paul', in Imago libri: représentations carolingiennes du livre, ed. by Charlotte Denoël, Anne-Orange Poilpré, and Sumi Shimahara, Bibliologia, 47 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018), pp. 121-30 (p. 125, pl. 55).
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)