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Add MS 11695
- Record Id:
- 032-002109480
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002109480
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000040.0x00001a
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Add MS 11695
- Title:
-
Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse (The 'Silos Apocalypse')
- Scope & Content:
-
Contents:
1. Antiphonary (ff. 1r-4v);
2. Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse (ff. 5v-217v);
3. Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae (excerpts) (ff. 218r-219v);
4. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel (ff. 220r-266r);
5. Miscellaneous texts (ff. 268r-279v).
Decoration:
A double-page world map in colours (ff. 39v-40r). Numerous full or half-page miniatures in colors and embellished with gold and silver leaf with inscriptions explaining their contents. Small unframed miniatures or figures in the margins. 2 decorated tables (ff. 160v, 161v); full borders (ff. 6v, 7r). Major initials in colors with zoomorphic, foliate, and/or interlace decoration, with display script at the beginning of books and prologues. Initials in red.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Additional Manuscripts
- Hierarchy Tree:
- [{ "id" : "032-002109480", "parent" : "#", "text" : "Add MS 11695: Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse (The 'Silos Apocalypse')" , "li_attr" : {"class": "orderable"} },{ "id" : "040-002355235", "parent" : "032-002109480", "text" : "Add MS 11695, ff 1r-4v: Antiphonary" },{ "id" : "040-002355240", "parent" : "032-002109480", "text" : "Add MS 11695, ff 5v-217v: Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse" },{ "id" : "040-002355308", "parent" : "032-002109480", "text" : "Add MS 11695, ff 218r-219v: Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae (excerpts)" },{ "id" : "040-002355309", "parent" : "032-002109480", "text" : "Add MS 11695, ff 220r-266r: Jerome, Commentary on Daniel" },{ "id" : "040-002355310", "parent" : "032-002109480", "text" : "Add MS 11695, ff 268r-279v: Miscellaneous texts" }]
- Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002109480
- Is part of:
- not applicable
- Contains:
- Add MS 11695, ff 1r-4v : Antiphonary
Add MS 11695, ff 5v-217v : Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse
Add MS 11695, ff 218r-219v : Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae (excerpts)
Add MS 11695, ff 220r-266r : Jerome, Commentary on Daniel
Add MS 11695, ff 268r-279v : Miscellaneous texts
Click here to View / search full list of parts of Add MS 11695 - Hierarchy:
- 032-002109480
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Add MS 11695
- Record Type (Level):
- Fonds
- Extent:
-
Parchment codex; 279 folios.
- Digitised Content:
- http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_11695 (digital images currently unavailable)
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- Latin
- Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 1091
- End Date:
- 1109
- Date Range:
- 1091-1109
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
- Restrictions to access apply please consult British Library staff
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- User Conditions:
-
Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript.
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Dimensions: 380 x 240mm (text space: 290 x 175mm)
Foliation: ff. 279 + f. 32* (+ 6 unfoliated modern flyleaves: 2 paper and 2 parchment at the beginning, and 2 parchment at the end).
Collation: i4 (ff. 1-4); ii3-1 (ff. 5-7; last leaf missing); iii-v8 (ff. 8-31); vi8 (ff. 32+32*-38); vii-xl8 (ff. 39-227); xxxi8-1 (ff. 228-234; sixth leaf missing, replaced by a blank paper leaf); xxxii-xxxvi8 (ff. 235-274); xxxvii6-1 (ff. 275-279; last leaf missing); quire numbers beginning in quire iii; catchwords.
Script: Visigothic.
Binding: Post-1600. Green leather binding over boards, early 19th century. Gilt fore-edges.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: Spain, North (Santo Domingo de Silos).
Provenance:
Produced at the Benedictine monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos; begun under abbot Fortunius in 1091 by scribes Munnio and Dominicus, continued under abbot Nunnus, and completed under abbot Johannes on 1 July 1109 with illuminations by prior Petrus: a note by Petrus: ‘(…) Ille qui ante presidem stetit silens mecum / Petro incipiente ad liberandum sit regens (…)’(f. 6v); and colophons: ‘In nomine Domini hic liber apocalipsis abuit / inicium iussu Fortunii abbatis set morte eius / interveniente minima pars ex eo facta / fuit. Eodemque modo contigit in tempore / Nunni abbatis. Ad ultimum vero tempore / Iohannis abbatis domnus Petrus prior con/sanguineus Nunni abbatis complevit / et conplendo ab integro illuminabit. / Explicitusque est in ipsis kalendis iulii / mensis quando obit gloriosus Adefonsus / totius yspanie ymperator, era / Tma CXL VII A [1 July 1109, i.e. era 1147] (f. 275v); ‘Alme Trinitatis divine celitus inspiramine conpulsus ego Dominico presbiter et con/sanguinei mei Munnio presbiter exigui libri huius prescribere sollerter cepimus opus, / (…) regente Fortunio abba monacorum katerba. Perfectus est igitur hic liver, explanationem / in se mirificam continens apocalipsis Iohannis Christi iubante dextera diemque temporis / (over an erasure: xiiii kalendas maii), hora via, die v feria, sub era TCXXVIIII A [18 or 19 April 1091, i.e. era 1129] regnante rex Adefonso in Toleto / sive Legio adque Gallecia simulque Kastella cum Naggara adque Alava (…)’ (f. 277v); the names of abbot Fortunio and Munnio are also included in a decorated labyrinth: ‘O[b] onorem sancti Sebastiani martiri abba Fortunio librum Munnio presbiter titulabit hoc’ (f. 276r); and the names of Dominicus and Munnio are inscribed in flowers depicted below the colophon: ‘Scribano Monnio’ and ‘scribano Dominico’ (f. 278r).
Added letter by abbot Petrus dated 24 July 1158, regarding distribution of income of the monastery of San Domingo de Silos (f. 267v).
Added notes ‘Nota’, by a hand that also annotated other Silos manuscripts (e.g. Add. MS 30855 and Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS n.a.l. 2178; see Beatus 2003), 14th century (ff. 90r, 101r, 211v).
Antonio of Aragon (b. 1618, d. 1650), cardinal, owned by him according to the Spanish bibliographer Nicolas Antonio (d. 1684) (see N. Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, vol. 1 (Madrid 1788), p. 445); together with the rest of his library, probably became the possession of Antiono of Aragon’s brother, Pascual.
Pascual of Aragon (b. 1626, d. 1677), canon of Toledo, archdeacon of Talavera, regent of Catalonia, and cardinal: probably bequeathed by him to the Colegio Viejo de San Bartolomé in Salamanca in 1677 with other books from his library.
Colegio Viejo de San Bartolomé, Salamanca: described with details in the 1770 catalogue of the college’s library (see J. Rojas y Contreras in F. Ruiz de Vergara, Historia del Colegio Viejo de San Bartolomé Mayor de la celebre Universidad de Salamanca, 3 vols (Madrid, 1770), III, p. 308).
Biblioteca Real, Madrid, acquired upon the dissolution of the Salamancan colegios mayores by Charles IV between 1804-1808: listed in the index of the manuscripts incorporated into the royal collection by Antonio Tavira y Almazán, bishop of Salamanca, between 1799 and 1801 (inscription ‘No. 98’ (f. 1r) relates to its number in the index).
Purchased 9 May 1840 from Joseph Bonaparte (b. 1768, d. 1844), count de Survilliers and king of Spain (1808-1813): inscription on f [iv] recto.
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript, see Digitised Manuscripts http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/.
- Publications:
-
List of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the Years 1836-1840 (London: British Museum, 1843), p. 4.
J. O. Westwood, Palaeographica Sacra Pictoria (London: William Smith, 1843-1845), no. 30.
Catalogue of Manuscript Maps, Charts and Plans, and of the Topographical Drawings in the British Museum, 3 vols (London: British Museum, 1844-1861), I, pp. 12-13.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 5.
M. Férotin, Histoire de l'abbaye de Silos (Paris, 1897), pp. 264-69.
J. A. J. De Villiers, 'Famous Maps in the British Museum', The Geographical Journal, 44 (August 1914), 168-88 (p. 170).
[Eric G. Millar], British Museum Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 4 (London: British Museum, 1928), pl. 10.
Wilhelm Neuss, Die Apokalypse des hl. Johannes in der altspanischen und altchristlichen Bibel-Illustration, 2 vols (Münster in Westfalen, 1931), I, pp. 38-41, 106, 113, 116; II, pls 37, 56, 106, 117.
J. Domínguez Bordona, 'Exlibris mozárabes', Archivo español de arte y arqueología, 11 (1935), 153-63 (p. 162).
Meyer Schapiro, 'From Mozarabic to Romanesque in Silo', Art Bulletin, 21 (1939), 313-74, (passim, figs 4-7, 9, 11, 16, 24, 26-7, 37).
Ernst Kitzinger, Early Medieval Art with Illustrations from the British Museum Collection (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1940), pl. 31.
L. Brou, 'Un antiphonaire mozarabe de Silos d'après les fragments du British Museum', Hispania Sacra, 5 (1952), 341-60.
René Crozet, 'Les représentations anthropo-zoomorphiques des évangelistes dans l'enluminure et dans la peinture murale aux époques carolingienne et romane', Cahiers de civilization médiévale, 1 (1958), 182-91 (p. 185).
T. Eriksson, 'L'Échelle de la perfection: Une nouvelle interprétation de la peinture murale de Chaldon', Cahiers de civilation médiévale, 7 (1964), 439-49 (p. 441, fig. 3).
C. R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London: Penguin Books, 1971), pp. 106, 111-12, 224 n. 62, fig. 121.
Francis Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages, ed. by Evelyn Antal and John Harthan (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971), pp. 231-36, pls 141, 145.
John Williams, Early Spanish Manuscript Illumination (New York: Braziller, 1977), pp. 110-17, pls 36-40.
Actas del Simposio para el estudio de los codices del 'Comentario al Apocalypsis' de Beato de Liebana, ed. Carlos Romero de Lecca (Madrid: Joyas Bibliograficas, 1978), p. 173,
A.G. Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c.700-1600 in the Department of Manuscripts, The British Library, 2 vols (London, 1979), I, no. 61.
François Avril, Jean-Pierre Aniel, Yolanta Zaluska, and others, Manuscrits enluminés de la péninsule ibérique (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1982), p. 19.
M. C. Díaz y Díaz, Códices visigóticos en la monarquía leonesa (León, 1983), pp. 312-13.
Peter Barber, 'The Manuscript Legacy: Maps in the Department of Manuscripts', The Map Collector, 28 (1984), 18-24 (p. 18).
Richard Kenneth Emmerson and Suzanne Lewis, 'Census and Bibliography of Medieval Manuscripts containing Apocalypse Illustrations, ca. 800-1500', Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought and Religion, 41 (1984), 337-79, no. 15.
Los Beatos: Europalia 85 España, 26 september-30 november 1985, Nassaukapel, Koninklijke Bibliotheek Albert I (Brussels, 1985), no. 10, pp. 64-65, 76-77 [exhibition catalogue]
Jonathan J. G. Alexander, Medieval Illuminators and their Methods of Work (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), p. 9.
A. Boylan, 'The Library at Santo Domingo de Silos and its catalogues (XIth-XVIIIth Centuries)', Revue Mabillon, nouv. sér., 3 (1992), 59-102 (esp. pp. 61, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78).
The Art of Medieval Spain: A. D. 500-1200 (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993), no. 145 [exhibition catalogue].
Peter Lasko, Ars Sacra 800-1200, 2nd edn (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 161.
Carl Nordenfalk, Book Illumination: Early Middle Ages (Geneva: Editions d'art Albert Skira, 1995; originally printed as Early Medieval Painting, New York: Skira, 1957), p. 86.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 29.
Rose Walker, Views of Transition: Liturgy and Illumination in Medieval Spain, (London: British Library, 1998), pp. 65, 102, 116, 125, 127-29, 134, 219 and passim.
J. Williams, The Illustrated Beatus: A Corpus of the Illustrations of the Commentary on the Apocalypse, 5 vols (London, 1994-2002), I, pp. 24, 73, 93, 156, pls 31-33, figs 3, 100; IV, no. 16, pp. 31-40, figs 221-350.
The Apocalypse and the Shape of Things to Come, ed. by Frances Carey (London: British Museum, 1999), no. 4.
A. Millares Carlo, Corpus de códices visigóticos, ed. by M. C. Díaz y Díaz, A. M. Mundo Marcet, J. M. Ruiz Asencio, B. Casado Quintanilla, and E. Lecuona Ribot (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: UNED, 1999), nº 106.
Beatus of Liébana: Codex of Santo Domingo de Silos Monastery, (Barcelona: Moleiro, 2001-2003). [Facsimile and commentary]
Alixe Bovey, Monsters and Grotesques in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002), p. 32, pl. 26.
Soledad de Silva y Verastegui, 'La miniatura en los códices de Silos' in Silos. un Mileno: Actos del Congreso Internacional sobre la Abádia de Santo Comingo de Silos, ed. by José A Fernández Flóres, 4 vols (Burgos: University of Burgos, 2003), IV, Arte, pp. 242-50.
Peter K. Klein, 'Eschatological Expectations and the Revised Beatus', in Church, State, Vellum, and Stone: Essays on Medieval Spain in Honor of John Williams, ed. by Therese Martin and Julie A. Harris, The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World, 26 (Leiden: Brill, 2005), pp. 147-72 (pp. 149, 161).
Ann Boylan, 'The Silos Beatus and the Silos Scriptorium', in Church, State, Vellum, and Stone: Essays on Medieval Spain in Honor of John Williams, ed. by Therese Martin and Julie A. Harris, The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World, 26 (Leiden: Brill, 2005), pp. 173-233.
Hispania Vetus: Musical-Liturgical Manuscripts from Visigothic Origins to the Franco-Roman Transition (9th-12th Centuries), ed. by Susana Zapke (Bilbao: BBVA Foundation, 2007), pp. 198, 266-67.
Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts: 1400 Years of Scribes and Scripture (London: British Library, 2007), pp. 4-5, 10, 72-73; fig. 60.
Jacqueline Leclercq-Marx, 'Le rapport au gain illicite dans la sculpture romaine. Entre réalités socio-économiques, contacts de culture et réseaux métaphoriques', Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 50 (2007), 43-63 (pp. 45 n. 18, 46, pl. 1).
La miniatura medieval en la Penísula Ibérica, ed. by Joaquín Yarza (Murcia: Nausícaä, 2007), p. 474, fig. 4.
Babylon: Myth and Reality, ed. by I. L. Finkel and M. J. Seymour (London: British Museum, 2008), pp. 157-58, figs 141-43 [exhibition catalogue].
Ainoa Castro, 'Codex of the Month (II): London, BL, Add. Ms. 11695', Littera visigothica, online at http://litteravisigothica.wordpress.com/2014/11/23/codex-of-the-month-ii/ [accessed 2.12.2014].
Peter K. Klein, 'Circulation, Popularity and Function off Illustrated Apocalypses from the Late Antiquity to High Medieval Europe', in Medieval Europe in Motion: La Circulación de Manuscritos Iluminados en la Península Ibérica, Segunda edición del Congresso Internacional Medieval Europe in Motion, Lisbon 2015, ed. by Alicia Miguélez Cavero and Fernando Villaseñor Sebastian (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2018), pp. 201-14 (212).
Ainoa Castro Correa, 'The Scribes of the Silos Apocalypse (London, British Library, Add. MS 11695) and the Scriptorium of Silos in the Late Eleventh Century', Speculum 95: 2 (2020), 321-70.
- Exhibitions:
- Picturing places, (online), 27 April 2017-
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)