Photo 1000

Vol. 3266-3286 Photographs of architectural remains in the Mysore District by E. H. Butcher. Four sets of these photographs were sent in to Government by Captain R. A. Cole, Officiating Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Mysore, on 14 December 1870.

The list enclosed with the photographs corresponds to these prints. See Government of India, Home Department Proceedings, 28 January 1871, IOR/P/505 pp. 693-4.

Vol. 40 4111-4254 Vegetable products, plants and trees, etc.

Vol. 41 4255-4325 Animals and animal products.

Vol. 42 4326-4426 The People of India

Vol. 43 4427-4540 The People of India

Vol. 44 4541-4551 Indian worthies non Indian

Vol. 45 4576-4630 Public Works

Vol. 46 4631-4709 Schools

Vol. 47 4710-4740 Exhibitions

Vol. 48 4741-4770 Mythology

Vol. 49 4771-4800 Manners and Customs

Vol. 50 4801-4850 Agricultural appliances

Vol. 51 4851-4890 Conveyances

Vol. 52 4891-4980 Trades and occupations

Vol. 53 4981-5075 Costume

Vol. 54 5076-5168 Textile fabrics

Vol. 55 5169-5220 Textile fabrics

Vol. 56 5221-5265 Carpets and mats

Vol. 57 5266-5330 Metal work

Vol. 58 5331-5390 Arms and armour

Vol. 59 5391-5460 Jewellery

Vol. 60 5461-5510 Jewellery

Vol. 61 5511-5550 Pottery

Vol. 62 5551-5580 Carved and inlaid work in stone

Vol. 63 5581-5625 Perforated stone screens

Vol. 64 5626-5700 Carved and inlaid work (wood and ivory)

Vol. 65 5701-5750 Lacquered and painted work

Vol. 66 5751-5800 Musical instruments

Vol. 67 5801-5855 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 68 5856-5901 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 69 5902-5948 Gandharan sculpture and views at Mamallapuram

Vol. 70 5949-5980 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 71 5978-6018 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 72 6019-6056 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 73 6057-6096 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 74 6097-6132 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 75 6133-6163 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Vol. 76 6164-6190 Wall paintings from Ajanta

Prints 1951-1998 Views of temple architecture in West Berar, by Robert Gill, 1868-71. Gill made photographic tours of West Berar in 1868, 1869 and 1871, and two series of prints were forwarded to England in in 1869 and 1873 (see prints 3287-3313 and 3347-3370 below). The negatives were presumably deposited at Hyderabad and remained there after Gill's death in 1875. In September 1877 the Government of India raised the question of the disposal of this material with the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey, Major-General Alexander Cunningham, and in a reply dated Simla, 2 October 1877, Cunningham suggested that the India Office would be the most suitable home for the negatives: 'I have come to this opinion under the belief that there is no chance of these negatives being made use of in India, whereas in England there will be a very fair chance of their being used as illustrations of Indian architecture.' Two cases containing 48 glass negatives were received by the India Museum Department on 19 June 1878 (IOR/L/E/2/104).These are later prints, presumably made in England after the negatives had been sent home. For duplicate prints of some of this material (with a few variants), probably made in India and sent home, see prints 3287-3313

Prints 2122(a)-2176(a) Views of Delhi, Agra and Rajasthan by Eugene Clutterbuck Impey, early 1860s.

Prints 2246(a)-2336(a) Views in Mysore by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Dixon, late 1850s-60s.

Prints 2337(a)-2353(a) Views in Orissa by William Henry Cornish of the Bengal Police, c.1868. This series of views is listed in a letter from H.S. Beadon, Officiating Under Secretary to the Government of Bengal, to E.C. Bayley, Secretary to the Government of India, dated 3 May 1869: 'In continuation of this Office letter No. 5675, dated 30th November 1868, I am directed to forward a packet of photographs taken by Mr W.H. Cornish, Assistant Superintendent, Champarun, and to say that an expression of the Lieutenant-Governor's thanks has been conveyed to Mr Cornish for the collection. A list of the photographs accompanies.' (Government of India Public Proceedings, Home Department, 12 June 1869 no. 106, IOR/P/434/17). The list corresponds precisely with the prints in this series.

Prints 2354(a)-2370(a) Views in the Nizam's Dominions by Henry Mack Nepean, 1868. Prints 2632-2674 are also by Nepean, taken on the same tour.

Prints 2371(a)-2373(a) Views of the temple at Julpesh (Jalpes) by Dr Kenneth McLeod, December 1869. See letter from McLeod to Colonel J.C. Haughton, Commissioner of Cooch Behar, dated Julgiporee, 4 December 1869, which encloses 'for the acceptance of Government, three prints of each of three views which I took of the temple at Julpesh yesterday in accordance with your request. They give a very good idea of the general aspect and arrangement of the ruin (for it is little better), and as I retain the negatives, I can furnish more impressions.' (India public proceedings, 1 March 1870, nos. 267-8, IOR/P/434/23 pp.1883-5). There then follows a detailed description of the temple, with sketches.

Prints 2374-2376 Views of Panduah and Tribeni by T.S. Ocheme, c.1870. Letter from H.S. Beadon, Officiating Under-Secretary to the Governor of Bengal, to W.M. Souttar, Officiating Under-Secretary to the Govt. of India, dated 1 July 1870, forwards six copies of three photographs, taken by 'T.S. Ocheme, a professional photographer'. A history of the buildings is also given. Duplicates of these prints are at 3314-3316.

Prints 2377-2388 Views of Buddhist cave temples at Bhaja and Bedsa by D.H. Sykes, 1871. This series of views was taken for James Burgess, who wrote to Government on 11 January 1872, 'forwarding, as requested in Government letter No. 2815 of the 2nd October last, six sets of the photos of the Cave Temples at Bhaja and Bedsa, with Mr Sykes' bill, in duplicate, for Rs. 105 for the same; stating that Mr Sykes took a new series of six views of Karlé; and requesting to be informed whether Government will patronize him by purchasing a few sets, at Rs. 15 per set of six.' (Bombay Public Proceedings, no. 629 of February 1872, IOR/P/439 p.63).

Prints 2389-2486 Views of Western India by Henry Newton, c.1870. Views of architecture at Ahmadabad (the largest group), Sarkhej, Karli, Elephanta, Wai. Negatives printed in England by W. Griggs.

Prints 2487-2552 Views of Mamallapuram, Saluvan Kuppan, c.1872. Mainly temples and sculpture at Mamallapuram. These views were made by an unidentified photographer (or photographers) sent out the Madras School of Industrial Arts by Dr Alexander Hunter. The forwarding to the Madras Government of 'two sets of photographs of sculptures at or near Mahavellipuram, and a copy of a lecture upon the sculptures delivered by Dr Hunter at Madras' is referred to in the Madras public proceedings for 11 April 1872 (IOR/P/273 pp. 346-47). An enclosed letter from Hunter to the Director of Public Instruction, dated Madras 4 April 1872, notes that the photographs show the 'antiquities of Mahavellipuram or the Seven Pagodas, Saluvan Kuppum, and Pavarakan's Choultry', and writes that five sets in all were requested by Lord Napier. Hunter suggest that an additonal set be sent to General Cunningham, Director of the Archaeological Survey, and also points out that 'Mr James Fergusson, the Architect in London, at whose suggestion these photographs were taken, is very much pleased with them, and considers that they will throw a light on the relative ages of the various sculptures, inscriptions and antiquities.' According to the order of 12 April 1872, six sets in all were to be printed: one for the Viceroy, one for General Cunningham, three for the India Office, and one for the Madras Museum. The complete order, together with a bill for Rs. 487-8-0, was sent by Hunter to the Director of Public Instruction, Madras on 8 May 1872 (Madras public proceedings, 22 May 1872, IOR/P/273 p. 415).

Prints 2553-2578 Views in Mysore by Henry Dixon, 1860s. Printed in England by W. Griggs. Views at Kolar, Balagamve, Bangalore, Begur, Chitradurga, Conjeevarum, Vellore, Taramangalam, Tadpatri, etc. The views taken at Conjeevarum (Kanchipuram), are referred to in a letter from Dixon to the Chief Secretary to Government, Madras, dated Bangalore 21 January 1868: 'With reference to the late order of the Governor General of India, regarding photographs of works of art, &c., &., I beg to bring to notice of Government that, during the last week, I went to Conjeveram and took ten photographs (five 15 in. by 12, and five 12 by 10) of the two celebrated temples, and adjacent tanks and buildings. I believe these temples have never been photographed on glass before, and as the subjects are very fine I trust I may meet with the patronage of Government under the orders alluded to in the commencement of this note. The cost of the set of ten photographs will be 30 Rupees.' (Madras public proceedings, 8 February 1868, IOR/P/439/6 p. 129). The government ordered three sets of the photographs in question, requiring Dixon to forward them to the Superintendent of the School of Industrial Arts at Madras (Dr Alexander Hunter). On 3 December 1868, Dixon again wrote in to Government from Bangalore regarding his photographic activities: 'I am at present engaged in taking a series of views of all the principal temples in Mysore, and as the type of the generality of them vary in themselves, and also from those in Southern India, your Government might favor me with its patronage for a few copies of each. Up to this time I have twenty-four views (not including any [sites] taken by Captain Lyon), and of two sizes, from plates 15x12 and 12x10, the prices of them being, respectively, Rupees 3-4-0 and Rupees 2-4-0 each, or, if taken by the dozen, Rupees 36 and 24, unmounted: mounting is from 4 to 6 Rupees a dozen according to the cost of card-board...Besides the twenty-four views before mentioned, which are all of temples, I have views of Tippoo Sultan's tomb, the Deria Dowlut and mosque at Seringapatam, and many others of interest; and I enclose a prospectus of work on Seringapatam which the late Governor of Madras allowed me to dedicate to him; but at the time I published it, the order about photographs was not out, so that, perhaps, it is not too late, even now, to bring it to the notice of Government. P.S. Dr Hunter can tell you all about my work on Seringapatam, which was in the Paris Exhibition [of 1867].' (Madras public proceedings, 8-9 December 1868, IOR/P/439/7 pp. 2270-71). Government declined to take this series, although these were later acquired. The Kanchipuram series was issued as an album with letterpress titlepage reading: The Temples of Conjeveram illustrated in a series of ten photographs ([Madras?], 1868).

Prints 2579-2631 Views at Conjeevaram (Kanchipuram), Vellore, Tadpatri, c.1868. This material was possibly produced by photographers sent out from the Madras School of Industrial Arts by Dr Alexander Hunter. In a letter from Hunter to the Chief Secretary to Government at Fort St George dated 25 February 1868, reporting the receipt of Dixon's photographs of Kanchipuram, he notes that 'a set of photographs which were taken by the Photographer in the School of Arts, together with a ground plan and measurements of the Pagoda at Little Conjeveram, will be submitted to Government in a few days. An artist will be sent shortly to Great Conjeveram to make a similar ground plan to accompany the photographs of Major Dixon.' (Madras public proceedings, 3-4 March 1868, IOR/P/439/6 pp. 289-290).

Prints 2602-2625 Views at Tadpatri. Photographer unknown. A series of views of the Ramalingeshvara and Venkataramana Temples. See N.S. Ramaswami, Temples of Tadpatri (Hyderabad, 1976, IOL pressmark V.20329).

Prints 2632-2674 Views in the Nizam of Hyderabad's dominions, 1868. Photographs by Henry Mack Nepean. Architectural views at Ellora, Daulatabad, Aurangabad. See note at

Prints 2729-2740 Views of antiquities at Sonargaon, 1872. Photographs by H. Brennand, Principal of the Dacca College. J. Wise (see below) visited Sonargaon in January 1872, and it is possible that he was accompanied by Brennand on this trip. The photographs had certainly been taken by mid-1872, as a letter from General Alexander Cunningham, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey, to H.L. Dampier, Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, dated Simla 1 July 1872, acknowledges receipt of the 12 views, and recommends that, since the buildings 'are so difficult of access that they are not likely to be visited for a long time to come by any photographer,' six copies of each of the prints should be ordered from Brennand (India public proceedings, July 1872, IOR/P/511 p. 2115). A letter was sent to Brennand asking for the copies on 11 September 1872 (India public proceedings, October 1872, IOR/P/512 p. 2985). Some further correspondence in the following year lists the photographs concerned and reports that two sets of prints were despatched to the Secretary of State for India on 22 May 1873. It also notes some confusion as to the captioning of one of the prints and states that since Brennand has gone to England and taken the negatives with him, further copies are unavailable (India public proceedings, May 1873, IOR/P/514 pp.1167-69). Duplicates of prints 2730 and 2738 can be found at prints 3327 and 3326 respectively.For contemporary accounts of the antiquities of the area, see J. Wise, Notes on Sunargaon, Eastern Bengal (Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. XLIII, part I, Calcutta, 1874, pp. 82-96) and Alexander Cunningham, Report of a tour in Bihar and Bengal in 1879-80 from Patna to Sunargaon (ASI vol. XV, Calcutta, 1882), pp. 135-145.

Prints 2741-2888 Views of antiquities of Bihar, 1870. Photographs by Tosco Fraser Peppé. The photographs are listed, with historical and descriptive notes by Peppé, in a letter dated Baghmoree, 16 September 1870 (India public proceedings, 18 February 1871, IOR/P/505 pp. 1636-1645).

Prints 2889-2899 Views of Mamallapuram, c.1873. Photographer unknown. Series of views received from Mrs Breeks (widow of James Wilkinson Breeks, author of ...), July 1873. These photographs are possibly a series made by a photographer sent out from the Madras School of Industrial Arts to photograph antiquities in the Presidency.

Prints 2900-3262 Architectural views in southern and western India, 1867-68. Photographs by Captain Edmund David Lyon.

Prints 3263-3265 Views of Calcutta, c.1873. Photographs by Dr. Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner.

Prints 3266-3286 Views in Mysore, 1860s. Photographs by Henry Dixon. Topographical views of the Cauvery Falls, and architectural studies at Turvakarai, Sravana Belgola, Belur, Chamundi Hill, Halebid and Somnathpuram. Although these prints are unattributed, two are duplicated in Photo 1001/2 (***) where they are specifically credited to Dixon. The general stylistic similarity of the remainder of the series, and the fact that they are from locations where Dixon is known to have worked, make it most probabkle that he was responsible for all the photographs.

Prints 3287-3313 Temple architecture of West Berar, 1868-69. Photographs by Robert Gill. These views comprise the first series of views of temple architecture of the Buldana District of West Berar, taken by Gill during tours in 1868 and 1869. The prints are listed in a letter dated 25 October 1869, from Major W. Tweedie, First Officiating Resident, Hyderabad, to the Foreign Department of the Government of India (India pub. proc., 1 January 1870, no. 16, IOR/P/434/22). Later prints of these photographs, made after the negatives had been returned to England, can be found at prints 1951-1988.

Prints 3314-3316 Views of Panduah and Tribeni by T.S. Ocheme, c.1870. Duplicates of prints 2374-2376 (qv).

Prints 3317-3325 Temple architecture in Hyderabad (mainly Sirpur), 1870s. Photographer unknown.

Prints 3326-3327 Views at Sonargaon (Dhaka District), 1872. Photographs by H. Brennand. Duplicates of prints 2738 and 2730 respectively. See note at Prints 2729-2740.

Prints 3328-3346 Temple architecture at Kontanuggur and Banuggur, c. 1871. Photographs by John Henry Ravenshaw.

Prints 3347-3370 Temple architecture of West Berar, 1871. Photographs by Robert Gill. This is a continuation of Gill's photographs of West Berar from Prints 3287-3313. Nine copies of each of this batch of prints, referred to as 'Second series of Temple, &c., taken in West Berar in 1871', were forwarded, together with a copy of Gill's explanatory notes, from the Hyderabad Residency to the Government of India on 4 January 1873. The prints are listed, together with Notes on Hemadpanti Temple, &c., made during a tour through a portion of West Berar in 1868, 1869, and in May 1871 by Major Gill, in India pub. proc., February 1873, pp. 451-461, IOR/P/514 pp. 451-461. Later prints were made when the negatives of these photographs were sent to England in 1878, and these can be found at prints 1951-1988.

Prints 3371-3418 Architectural views in Gwalior State, 1869. Photographs by Lieutenant-Colonel George Edward Herne. An annotation beneath each print refers to Public Department letter of 21 February 1873, but this appears to a mistaken carry-over from the preceding batch of prints. In fact these views appear to form the series taken by Herne in 1869, and referred to in government proceedings. In response to the Government of India (Foreign Department) circular of 11 September 1867, enquiring what measures were being taken to procure photographs of Indian architecture, Herne's name had been put forward as a suitable officer to undertake such work at Gwalior: 'I have ascertained that Lieutenant-Colonel Herne, of the 103rd Foot, whose capacity as a photographer is well-known, and who is well provided with the necessary instruments, will readily undertake the commission.

2. Colonel Herne looks for no pecuniary benefit, but merely that expenses incidental to the work may be met. I would, therefore, suggest that Rupees five per diem for a couple of months be allowed, - within that period he thinks he would be able to carry out the views of Government to his own satisfaction.

3. Colonel Herne's negatives are valuable, - one dozen of these would command far more than the sum I suggest the Government shall expend.

4. The negatives of all the objects taken will be at the disposal of Government, and thus as many copies as desired can be taken.

5. The season is now favorable for photography, therefore I solicit an early decision on the suggestion' [Colonel H.D. Daly, Officiating Political Officer, Gwalior, to Lieutenant-Colonel R.J. Meade, Agent to Governor-General for Central India, dated 28 November 1868, India Public Proceedings, Home Department, 30 January 1869, IOR/P/434/15 p.425]. This identification is confirmed by the duplicate of print 3384 at print 3595, which is pencilled on the reverse 'From Major Herne 22/1/70'. Sanction was given for the payment of these expenses, so the photography was presumably carried out as suggested, although no further references have so far been traced relating to this work.

Prints 3419-3434 Temple architecture in the Midnapore District, c. 1869. Photographs by Walter Campbell. 'The [seventeen] photographs [of architecture in the Midnapore District] are the work of Mr W. Campbell, of the Bengal Police, and although it will be seen from the Collector's letter, that Mr Campbell has declined to put any price on his works, I would suggest that a sum of Rupees 250 may be given to him, as I am informed by a gentleman, who is a practical photographer, that this is a fair remuneration'. [Letter dated 27 March 1869, from C.T. Buckland, Bengal General Proceedings, no.102 of April 1869, IOR/P/432/5].

Prints 3435-3449 Architectural views at Panchet and Talecoopy in the Burrakur Division, 1860s. Photographs by J.D. Beglar. This is an incomplete series of eight prints and seven stereoscopic views from a larger series of 21 prints and 13 stereographs, the transfer of which to the Government of Bengal is recorded in a memorandum of 17 May 1969. The remaining prints may have been discarded because of their poor quality, since, as Beglar writes: 'The larger photographs have been roughly printed, and are intended merely to convey an idea of the ruins. I have found no opportunity to print them carefully.' (letter from J.D. Beglar, Officiating Executive Engineer, Burhee Division, to the Superintending Engineer, Western Circle, dated Bogodhur, 24 April 1869, and enclosed with memorandum noted above (Bengal pub. proc., May 1869, IOR/P/432/5 pp. 49-51). Beglar also supplies some descriptive notes as to the subjects of the pictures, as well as noting that 'they were taken long ago, when I was in the Burrakur, and represent the architectural remains thereabouts.' Almost all the buildings photographed here are seen in semi-ruinous state, a condition evoking romantic melancholy in the photographer: 'The view of these ruins is very imposing and very humiliating; these massive structures, meant to endure forever, have become ruins, to be gazed at and pitied, to stand desolate and shattered, by apparently the weakest agencies, mementos alike of human wisdom and human folly, of power and of weakness, of man's aspirations, and of their disappointment.' The photographs are, however, incompletely identified. Beglar states that the stereoscopic views (3443-3449) are captioned on the reverse; this is not verifiable, sincer the prints are pasted into the volume, but the captions written in the volume have presumably been transcribed these backs of the photographs. Prints 3435-3442 are not individually identified, but from references in Beglar's notes (see above) it is likely that the first four prints show temples at Panchet Hill. Print 3439 shows a detail of a temple that appears again at print 3443 and is there identified as Talecoopy, and it seems likely that the remaining prints on this page also come from this site. The precise location of Talecoopy has not been established, beyond that it is situated on the bank of the Damodar. The name is spelt Talecoopy in Beglar's notes, the album captions use the form 'Talecooby', possibly an error in transcription.

Prints 3450-3569 Views of Burma taken during the official mission to Ava, 1855. Photographs by Linnaeus Tripe. These are mainly architectural studies.For duplicate series of these photographs (generally in better condition), and a more detailed introduction to the series, see Photo 61/1. There are additional duplicate sets at Photo 61/2 and Photo 61/3.

Print 3570 Govindeva Temple, Vrindavan, 1869. Photograph by William Simpson. Part of the series of view at prints 1186-1192, probably omitted due to poor quality.

Prints 3571-3594 Photographs of the Ajanta Caves, c.1868-69. Photographs by Robert Gill. Duplicate prints of material in the series 455-516.

Print 3595 View at Gwalior, 1869. Photograph by Lieutenant-Colonel George Edward Herne. Duplicate of print 3384.

Prints 3596-3611 Photographs of South Indian temple architecture, c. 1873. Photographer unknown. Temples at Halebid, Belur, Mamallapuram, Shrirangam, Somnathpuram. All these prints were shown at the South Kensington Exhibition of 1873, and several have printed labels on the reverse noting catalogue numbers and classes. The catalogue for this exhibition has not yet been checked.

Print 3612 The Hathi Pol, Palitana, c. 1871. Photographer unknown. Shown at the 1871 Exhibition (London?).

Prints 3613-3900 NUMBERS RESERVED FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 3901-3925 Forestry and timber industry in India and Burma, 1880s.

Prints 3926-4000 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4001-4002 Views on the Poorna River, c. 1866. Photographer unknown.

Prints 4003-

Prints 4006-4026 Views in the Nilgiris, c. 1866. Photographs by Edmund David Lyon. Shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1867.

Prints 4028-4067 Stereographic landscape views, 1860s. Photographs by Henry Newton, printed by W. Griggs.

Prints 4068-4069 Views in Ootacamund, c. 1866. Photographs by Edmund David Lyon. Shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1867.

Prints 4111-4199 Lithographs and engravings of plant specimens.

Prints 4200-4209 Cinchona cultivation at the Government Plantations, Darjiling, 1867. Photographs by Dr Benjamin Simpson. Views of growing plants and arranged plant specimens. The Bengal pub. proc. for December 1867 records a note of thanks to Dr Simpson, then Civil Surgeon at Darjiling, for this packet of photographs, which, it was stated, would be forwarded to London for the use of the India Museum (IOR/P/432/3).

Prints 4210-4254 Photographs of trees.

Prints 4307-4325 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4326-4384 Portraits of Indian types and dignitaries, 1860s(-70s). Photographs by Hurrichund Chintamon, Henry Dixon, Kristen Feilberg, Eugene Impey, W.G. Stretton, Bourne & Shepherd, the Madras School of Industrial Arts, and unknown. Series of portraits and ethnographhical studies from India, Burma and Pinang. Most of the photographs are prints which were shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1867.

Prints 4385-4407 Ethnographical portraits of South Indian hill tribes, c. 1870. Photographs by the Madras School of Industrial Arts and unknown. Most of this series of portraits show members of the Nilgiri hill tribes and are duplicates or variants of photographs which appear in James Wilkinson Breeks, An account of the primitive tribes and monuments of the Nilagiris (India Museum, London, 1873). There is another set of these photographs at prints 1097-1185, and the original negatives are also held in the collection. Prints 4387-4387 are of Malaiyalis from the Shevaroy Hills.

Prints 4408(a)-4426(d) Portraits of Arab and African types, taken at Aden, 1860s. Photographer unknown. This series of 74 prints, all in a similar format (cabinet portrait size with arched top) and all (apart from one exterior view) taken in the same studio, are posed in standard 'ethnographical' manner, often giving profile and full-face views of the same subject. Some at least are portraits of slaves, with the sitters wearing leg-irons, and it is possible that the whole series is related to this subject. The portraits of Arab sitters may be of men involved in the trade, while the series of armed men (prints 4412(d)-4414(c)) may also be of slavers.

Prints 4432-4465 Portraits of Indian types, 1860s. Photographs by Hooper & Western.

Prints 4466-4510 Carte-de visite portraits of rulers and dignitaries of Western India, 1860s. Photographs probably by Hurrichund Chintamon.

Prints 4511-4526 Non-photographic material: Indian miniatures, watercolour sketches, etc.

Prints 4527-4540 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4541-4551 Portraits of European worthies, mainly from Madras, 1860s. Photographs by the Madras School of Industrial Arts and others.

Prints 4552-4575 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4576-4605 Photographs of irrigation canals and dams in the Krishna River delta, 1863-65. Photographs by Lieutenant Ross Thompson RE. Views of the Kistna Anicut, Main Canal, Nizampatnam Canal, Eluru Canal, and Commamur Canal. For a more detailed account of this irrigation work, see George T. Walch, The engineering works of the Kistna Delta: a descriptive and historical account (2 vols., Madras, 1899). Although taken in the early 1860s, this is probably the set of prints shown at the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873: see John Forbes Watson, Vienna Universal Exhibition, 1873. A classified and descriptive catalogue of the Indian Department (London, 1873), pp.209-210.

Prints 4606-4620 Architectural details of Bombay University, c. 1870. Photographs by Muccoond Ramchundra, Assistant Engineer. Mainly close views of carved decorative details, capitals, etc.

Prints 4621-4630 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4631-4709 Photographs illustrating schools and education in India, 1860s-70s. By various photographers. Several of the prints have exhibition labels from the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873 and the majority of the photographs may have been shown there, or at least submitted for display. See John Forbes Watson, Vienna Universal Exhibition, 1873. A classified and descriptive catalogue of the Indian Department (London, 1873), pp. 224-234. This material can be further broken down as follows:

Prints 4631-4662 Schools in Western India and Sindh: Belgaum, Bombay, Pune, Surat, Karachi, Bangalore. By various photographers. The Karachi photographs are by Michie & Co.

Prints 4663-4675 Portraits of students and teachers from schools in Madras, late 1860s. Photographs by the Madras School of Industrial Arts.

Prints 4676-4683 Schools at Nagpur, c. 1870. Photographer unknown.

Prints 4684-4695 Student groups in Lucknow, 1871. Photographer unknown. With one Rangoon view.

Prints 4696-4698 Students and teachers, Agra, 1871. Photographs probably by Simon Matthew Edwin Kempson, Director of Public Instruction, North-Western Provinces.

Prints 4699-4703 Schools and groups at Lahore and Amritsar, c. 1870. Photographers unknown.

Prints 4704-4709 Schools and school groups in Varanasi, c. 1870. Photographs by D. Tresham and B.G. Bromochary.

Prints 4710-4728 Photographs of Indian sections of exhibitions, 1855-76. By various photographers. Views at Paris (1855), London (1871), Philadelphia (1876), Nilgiris (1870), Alipur (1864).

Prints 4729-4740 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4741-4760 Mythological subjects, mainly non-photographic.

Prints 4761-4770 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4771-4786 Manners and customs, 1850s-70s. Prints 4771-4774 are hand-coloured salt prints by Frederick Fiebig. Remaining images are non-photographic.

Prints 4787-4800 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4801-4827 Agricultural appliances, 1860s-70s. Photographs and other illustrations of Indian agricultural implements. Some of the photographs (4821-4827) appear to have been taken in Europe, probably at an exhibition.

Prints 4828-4850 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4851-4875 Photographs of carriages, carts and boats, 1850s-70s. Photographs by Frederick Fiebig, Nicholas & Curths, Madras School of Industrial Arts, Shivshanker Narayan and others.

Prints 4876-4890 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4891-4972 Studies of Indian trades and occupations, 1860s-70s. The majority of these photographs appear to have been used in various international exhibitions, mainly the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873. Photographs by Michie & Co. (Karachi), Shepherd & Robertson, Hooper & Western, Nicholas & Curths, Ross Thompson, Captain Thomas Cadell, Shivashanker Narayen and a number of unknown photographers. There are also a non-photographic items, including several watercolours displayed at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 (prints 4894-4896, 4899-4900, 4902 4904, 4908, 4972 are non-photographic).

Prints 4973-4980 NUMBERS ALLOCATED FOR ADDITIONS BUT NOT USED.

Prints 4981-5025 Portrait and costume studies and groups from Calcutta, Madras and Ceylon, early 1850s. Hand-coloured salt prints by Frederick Fiebig. This series has presumably been extracted from the main collections of Fiebig material (see Photo 2)