P2984

THE LIND ALBUM

One album from a collection of four albums of illustrated material associated with the family of Alexander Francis Lind and with Sir Charles D'Oyly, which include a group portrait of the Lind family by D'Oyly and a view of the Lind house at Fatehpur from the same hand. The unpublished manuscript ‘Memoirs of the Behar School of Athens’ also contains references to the Lind family. The albums passed to a descendant of Lind in New Zealand. See the Bernard Quaritch catalogue no. 1098, ‘Central Asia & India’, 1988, pp.7-18, where the family portrait is published.

Alexander Francis Lind (1797-1832) was born 8th January 1797 at New Windsor, Berkshire, the son of Dr. James Lind and his wife Elizabeth. His rank as a writer dates from 30th April 1812, although his first post was not until 1815, when he became assistant to the Collector at Benares. After some years moving about Bengal, he became in 1820 Sub-secretary to the Board of Revenue of the Lower Provinces and ‘ex-officio’ Collector of Calcutta Ground Rents, as well as being Acting Collector of Murshidabad. In 1822 he was Secretary to the Committee for reporting upon the village watch system. In 1823 he became Collector of Calcutta and then Acting Collector of Gorakhpur, in 1824 Deputy Collector of Behar (based at Gaya) and in 1826 Collector of Fatehpur, where he remained until his death on 8th February 1832. On 13th Decmber 1817 he was married to Anna Maria Macan at St. John's, Calcutta, and by her had six children: Margaretta Lucy, baptised 6 January 1819 at Fort William, Elizabeth Charlotte Fullarton, born 10th May 1820 at Berhampore, Francis Macan, born 11th August 1822 at Calcutta, Emma Gosset, born 9th February 1824 at Patna, James Burnie, born 19th February 1829 at Fatehpur, and Anna Mary Catherine, born 20th December 1830 also at Fatehpur. Aunt Catherine Macan obviously either lived with the Linds or visited them for long periods - she was married at Fatehpur on 3rd December 1829 to Henry Armstrong of the Bengal Civil Service.

The album was given on 10th May 1825 to Margaretta and Elizabeth Lind on the latter's fifth birthday by their father, Alexander Francis Lind, mother, Anna Maria Lind, née Macan, and aunt Catherine or Kathleen Macan, when Lind was based at Gaya. Most of the lithographs are by Lind himself, with a smaller number by his wife Anna and sister-in-law Catherine Macan. Many of the village scenes and especially the figure and animal studies show considerable influence from George Chinnery, from whom Lind must have taken lessons when based at Calcutta 1820-23. Another influence is Sir Charles D'Oyly, one of whose lithographs dated 12th January 1825 is in the album and from its subject matter must have been done at the Lind's house at Gaya. Since the largest number of those with dates were done in January 1825, this suggests that D'Oyly and Lind must have been working together for a while, or at least that Lind was inspired by D'Oyly to produce more lithographic versions of his drawings than he had done hitherto (only four of the lithographs carry dates of 1824). D'Oyly visited Gaya between December 1824 and January 1825 where he also worked with the Collector of Behar, Christopher Webb Smith (see WD2060, ff.65-78). Whether Lind learnt the process of lithography at Calcutta from James Nathaniel Rind or in Bihar from D'Oyly is at the moment an open question. What is not, is that these are the earliest dated lithographs from Bihar, since D'Oyly's earliest dated lithographs from Patna do not start until 1826. However, it is clear from other undated lithographs connected with D'Oyly that he was able to produce lithographs earlier than this, without actually using a lithographic press as such; this is how Lind must have produced his (see J.P. Losty, 'Sir Charles D'Oyly's Lithographic Press and his Indian Assistants', in ‘India, A Pageant of Prints’, ed. P. Godrej and P. Rohatgi, Bombay, 1989).

An album of 50 folios, pages numbered 1-100, with 121 lithographs dated between March 1824 and April 1825, and also two watercolours by a Patna artist (Add.Or.4494-5).

Provenance: Lind family, to a descendant in New Zealand; purchased May 1990.

Inscribed on the inside front cover: ‘Grandpapa Lind/Margaretta and Elizabeth Lind from their Papa, Mama, and Aunt Catherine. Gya May 10th 1825.’

NOTE: The first line is underneath where a portrait once was pasted down.

p.1 [Bengal hut.] ‘Indian Sketches 1825. A.F.L.’

p.2 [Boats on a river.] ‘A.F.L. 18 March 1824.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Native Boats’

p.3’ Mussauleh-Boat.’

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.4’ Balasore Salt-boats, laden and light.’

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.5’ Black Pagoda.’

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.6’ Hooghly Point. A.F.L. 18 Jan.y 1825’

p.7’ Diamond Harbour.’

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.8’ Garden Reach’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.9’ Garden Reach’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.10’ Calcutta from Garden Reach’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.11’ Ruins of the Old Fort, Calcutta’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.12’ Military Orphan School, Kidderpore’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.13 [A half-ruined mosque.]

NOTE: Inscribed and signed in ink: ‘An Old Mosque. A.F.L.’

p.14 [Chowkidar outside a hut.] ‘Kathleen Macan’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘ A Chokeedar or Watchman’

p.15 [A village scene.] ‘A.F.L. 12 Jan.y 1825’

p.16a [A ‘bihishti’ from the back.] ‘Anna’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Bheesty or Water carrier’

b [A village scene.] ‘A.F.L. 1825’

p.17a [Scene at a bathing ghaut.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

b [A ‘bihishti’ with a parasol.] ‘Anna’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Burron Beesty’

p.18 [A ‘chowkidar’ sitting outside his hut.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Chokeedar or Watchman’

p.19 [A street scene with cattle.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.20 [Village scene with men and women drawing water.] ‘A.F.L. 12 Jan. 1825’

p.21 [Woman collecting dried cow dung cakes from a wall.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘Anna’

p.22 [Different kinds of boats.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’ and inscribed: ‘Native Boats’

p.23’ Native Boats.’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.24 [Boat.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.25 [Huts by a pool in a town.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.26 [Bullock cart in a village.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.27 [Man seated before a ‘tulsi’ altar.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘Anna’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘The Toolsee or sacred plant of the Hindoos’

p.28’ A Moorpunkee, or native state-boat’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.29 [A cart with resting bullocks.] ‘C.M.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Hackery or native Cart’

p.30’ A Hackery or Native Cart.’

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.31 [Hog-hunting.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Hunting a wild hog in a marsh’

p.32 [Horsemen with spears.] ‘A.F.L. 28 Jan.y 1825’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Hog hunting’

p.33 [Women outside a hut.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.34 [Village scene.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.35 [Scene from hog-hunting.] ‘A.F.L. 28 Jan.y 1825’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Hoisting the dead Hog upon an Elephant’

p.36 [Cargo boat.] ‘Dacca Bhote’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.37 [Street scene.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘K.M.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Street in a native town’

p.38 [Tethered camel.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Camel’

p.39 [Fetching water at a ghaut.] ‘A.F.L. 14 Jany 1825’

p.40 [Muslim tomb with a gardener.] ‘C.M.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Mussulman Tomb’

p.41a [A Muslim tomb.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ C.M.’ and inscribed: ‘A Mosque with a Plaintain & a Copire Tree’

b [Two women.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Native Women’

p.42 [A family of goats resting.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.43a [Two cargo boats.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

b [Two Indian women.] ‘For Elizabeth’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ Anna’

p.44 [A bullock and a chowkidar.] ‘12 Jan.y 1825’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Bullock carrying water. A Chokeedar’

p.45 [A cargo boat.] ‘A Paunchway’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.46 [A cargo boat.] ‘A Furruckabad Kuttree’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.47 [A boat.] ‘A Pulwar’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.48 [Elephants.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Wild Elephants’

p.49 [A resting bullock.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Bullock’

p.50 [A mosque in a village.] ‘A.F.L. 1825’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Mosque’

p.51 [A ‘tulsi’ altar with a passing woman.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘The Toolsee plant’

p.52a [Bullocks resting by a cart.] ‘A.F.L. 11 Jan.y 1825’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘A Hackery’

b [Horseman chasing a hog across a stream.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’ and inscribed: ‘Hog hunting’

p.53a’ Opium chokey at Bengopore. A.M.(?)L.’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ Anna’

b [A dog.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ C.M.’ [changed from ‘A.M.’] and inscribed: ‘Lady D'Oyly's Dog Brenda’

p.54 [Studies of Indian figures.] ‘Anna’

p.55 [A tethered camel.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.56 [A cargo boat.] ‘A Dacca Pilwar’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.57a [An oval of heads.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ K.M.’

b [Study of goats.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ Anna’

p.58 [Study of male Indians.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.59a [Indian woman with cows.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

b [Getting water from the river.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.60 [Muslim tomb.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Mussulman Tomb’

p.61a [Ruined mosque.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Old Mosque’

b [Boats under sail.] ‘Stiff breeze on the Ganges’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

c [Goats.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘C. Macan’ and inscribed: ‘Shawl Goats’

p.62 [A goat.]

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Cashmerian Shawl Goat’

p.63 [Ruined building.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Part of the ruins of the Old Fort Calcutta’

p.64a [Budgerow and a punt.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Budgerow’

b [Studies of Indian figures.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘A.F.L.’

p.65 [Carousing man, with elephant's head and tail.] ‘Here's a Health to all good Lasses!’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

p.66 [A mosque.] ‘A.F.L. 16 Jan.y’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Mosque’

p.67 [Indian mother and child with a cow.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ Anna’

p.68a [Landscape.] ‘A.F.L.’

b [Man at his desk painting.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’ A.F.L.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Sir Charles D'Oyly smoking a Hookah’

p.69 [Ruined mosque.] ‘C.M.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Old Mosque’

p.70 [A landscape.] ‘A.F.L. 40 minute's work. 2 Feb. 1825’

p.71a [Hog at bay.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Hog hunting’

b [Goats.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.72 [Landscape.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.73a [Goats' heads.] ‘A.F.L.’

b [Chameleon?]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’ and inscribed: ‘A Tick-tickee’

p.74a [Men smoking hand-hookahs.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’C.M.’

b [Group of Indians.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’C.M.’

p.75 [Budgerows on the river.] ‘A.F.L. 16 Jan. 1825’

p.76a [Gateway.] ‘A.F.L.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘A Mussulman gateway’

b [Boats on the river.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.77 [A pavilion.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.78 [Studies of Indians and animals.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.79 [Two goats. Watercolour, by a Patna artist. Add.Or.4494

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Margaretta's Goat Venus, and her Kid Psyche drawn by a native Painter, and not well proportioned.’]

p.80’ Paugla-Pool, an ancient bridge, near Dacca. A.F.L. 28 April 1825’

p.81a [A bridge.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

b [Landscape.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

c [A hut.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.82a [Building.] ‘C.M.’

b [Goats by a hut.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.83 [Bullocks and goats.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’C.M.’

p.84 [A goat. Watercololur, by a Patna artist. Add.Or.4495.

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Elizabeth's Goat Rung Bahadur’]

p.85 [Boats.] ‘A.F.L. 17 March 1824’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Native Boats’

p.86a [Animal and figure study.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘C.M.’

b [Bullock.] ‘C.M.’

c [Bullock.]

NOTE: Signed in ink: ‘C.M.’

d [Brahmin with parasol.] ‘Anna’

p.87a [Bihishti with bullocks.] ‘C.M.’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Bheesty with Water Bullocks’

b [Mother and child.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.88’ Rung Bahadur and Venus the property of Margaretta and Elizabeth Lind. C. D'Oyly ad vivam del.t 12 Jan.ry 1825’

p.89 [Figure studies.] ‘A.F.L. 1st March 1824’

NOTE: Inscribed in ink: ‘Native Woman’

p.90 [Tulsi altar.] ‘A.F.L. 30 Jan. 1825’

p.91 [Tethered camel.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’C.M.’

p.92 [Cargo boat in choppy water.] ‘C.M.’

p.93 [Bullock cart and driver.] ‘A.F.L.’

p.94’ An Indiaman, at Diamond Harbour, taking in cargo’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.95 [Tomb by a river.] ‘A.F.L. 70 minute's work. Sunday 23 Jan.y 1825’

p.96’ View in Calcutta; the person perched up aloft is on the look-out for fires’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.97a [Goats.] ‘C.M.’

b’ Calm - ship dropping down the Hooghly - pilot and row-boat sounding ahead’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

p.98 [River scene, with temple and anchored boat.] ‘A.F.L. 11 Aug. 1824’

p.99 [Two men making an anchor.]

NOTE: Signed in ink:’C.M.’

Inscribed in ink below on album page: ‘Process of making a native Anchor’

p.100’ Stiff gale: Indiaman beating up’

NOTE: Signed in ink:’A.F.L.’

Laid down on inside back cover: [Young lady holding roses.]

NOTE: Inscribed below in ink: ‘Margaretta's faavourite’[sic]’ out of Mama's Scrap Book’