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IOR/R/15/2/127-138
- Record Id:
- 038-000228388
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 036-000228236
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000061.0x00009d
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- IOR/R/15/2/127-138
- Title:
- File 9 Bahrain Reforms
- Scope & Content:
-
The Bahrain Reforms files cover different aspects of the reforms and other modernisation programmes introduced by British officials into Bahrain during the 1920s. These include: judicial reforms and civil/criminal code reforms; economic reforms to Bahrain's pearl diving industry; Government finance reforms, including reforms to Bahrain's civil list; land registration; modernisation of Bahrain's water supply; the institution and disbandment (after outrages) of the Bahrain Levy Corps, and passports and permits.
The Bahrain Reforms files should be read in combination with the Bahrain Agency Miscellaneous files (File 8, IOR/R/15/2/121-26), whose topics are closely related to the Bahrain Reforms.
- Collection Area:
- India Office Records and Private Papers
- Project / Collection:
- India Office Records
Qatar Foundation Partnership Programme - Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-000209245
033-000227426
036-000228236
037-000228327
038-000228388 - Is part of:
- IOR/R : India Office Records transferred later through official channels
IOR/R/15 : Records of the British Residency and Agencies in the Persian Gulf
IOR/R/15/2 : Political Agency, Bahrain
IOR/R/15/2/73-138 : Bahrain Agency, Confidential Office Files
IOR/R/15/2/127-138 : File 9 Bahrain Reforms - Contains:
- IOR/R/15/2/127 : File 9/1 Institution of Reforms & Sunni opposition intrigues
IOR/R/15/2/128 : File 9/2 I Bahrain Reforms: Finances of the Bahrain Government
IOR/R/15/2/129 : File 9/2 II Bahrain Reforms: Finances of the Bahrain Government
IOR/R/15/2/130 : File 9/3 Bahrain Reforms. Land Registration & Record of Rights
IOR/R/15/2/131 : File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain
IOR/R/15/2/132 : File 9/5 Bahrain Reforms. Reforms in Pearling and Boat Registration
IOR/R/15/2/133 : File 9/6 Reforms in Bahrain Court; formation of second court; preparation of civil and criminal codes
IOR/R/15/2/134 : File 9/7 Education of cadets of ruling family
IOR/R/15/2/135 : File 9/8 Bahrain Levy Corps
IOR/R/15/2/136 : File 9/9 Bahrain Reforms. Bahrain Water Supply
IOR/R/15/2/137 : File 9/10 1. Levy Corps Sepoy running amok; 2. Disbandment of Levy Corps; 3. Formation of armed Police Corps
IOR/R/15/2/138 : File 9/11 Grant of Passports and Permits by the Bahrain Government and Treaty with Persia relative to withdrawal of claim to
Click here to View / search full list of parts of IOR/R/15/2/127-138 - Hierarchy:
- 032-000209245[0010]/033-000227426[0002]/036-000228236[0002]/037-000228327[0007]/038-000228388
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: IOR/R
- Record Type (Level):
- SubSubSeries
- Extent:
- 12 files and volumes (1778 folios)
- Digitised Content:
- Languages:
- Arabic
English - Scripts:
- Arabic
Latin - Start Date:
- 1921
- End Date:
- 1931
- Date Range:
- 1921-1931
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
-
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- User Conditions:
- Arrangement:
- These files are arranged by file and part number. For example, 9/2 II, where 9 is the subject reference (Bahrain reforms), 2 the file number, and II the part number.
- Administrative Context:
-
The need for reforms in 1920s Bahrain was a result of growing divisions and tensions between Bahrain's minority Sunni leadership and the majority Shia population. The Shias (many of whom were native Baharnah, i.e. native Bahrainis) withheld taxes and other payments to the Bahrain Government, in protest at Sunni discrimination against them, particularly over the issue of what they considered to be an unfair tax system. This in turn lead to economic instability and the potential insolvency of the sheikhdom. The reforms were initially advanced by Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, but it was British officials (principally, the Bahrain Agent Major Clive Daly and the British Advisor to the Bahrian Government, Charles Dalrymple-Belgrave) that drove the reforms forward.
- Publications:
- Mahdi Abdalla Al-Tajir. Bahrain 1920-1945: Britain, the Shaikh and the Administration (London: Croom Helm, 1987).
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Public Record(s)
- Names:
- Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, 1926-1957
King of Bahrain, 1783-
Āl Khalīfah, Family, 1783- - Subjects:
- Economic reform
Law reform
Political reform