Add MS 56154

FLEMING PAPERS. Vol. XLIX. 16 March 1921-2 Feb. 1922.

ff. i + 193. 327 x 201mm. Hard cover with marbled design with black binding. Inside the front cover is a label for ‘W. Isacke, Manufacturing Stationer and Printer, 211 Edgware Road, London’. Notebook is number 114.

This notebook contains the discovery of lysozyme.

Notebook includes:

Section one: 16^{March-13 June 1921.}

ff. 3-10, 35v. Agglutination

i) To faecal bugs

ii) In streptococcus in rabbits

iii) In digesting streptococcus

iv) Fox’s agglutinins

v) Absorption of agglutinin with Alston 7 serum

vi) Agglutination faecal streptococci with Alston’s serum

Section two:

ff. 19-35. Isolation of streptococcus

This has been achieved by using a number of patients with a variety of complaints. A sample of faeces was usually planted in McConkey’s or glucose plate and the streptococcus colonies picked out and replanted in boiled blood agar and broth. The changes to the bacteria over time have been noted.

i) Adamson: pyorrhoea, gastritis and gastric ulcer (17 March 1921)

ii) Courtney: rheumatoid arthritis

iii) Hollis: rheumatoid arthritis

iv) Wiseman: rheumatoid arthritis

v) Oswold: ‘Out of sorts’; 11 April 1921.

vi) Power: pyorrhoea and rheumatism; 10 Nov. 1921.

vii) Barker: old appendix (Removed) and diarrhoea; 11 Nov. 1921.

viii) Nieltsen: O. P, rheumatoid arthritis; 10 Nov. 1921.

ix) Bokenam: no description of complaint

x) Baby Weasley: asthma, bowel disturbances; 10 Nov. 1921.

xi) Howe: rheumatoid

xii) Unknown sample, possible second sample from Howe; 11 Nov. 1921.

xiii) Garrett: rheumatoid

xiv) Bennett: rheumatoid

xv) Singey: unknown complaint

xvi) Cook: pyorrhoea, senility

xvii) Holloway: rheumatoid arthritis; 11 Nov. 1921.

xviii) Thomas – rheumatoid arthritis

xix) Jynam – sciatica

xx) Patrick – colitis and rheumatoid pains

xxi) Gordon – rheumatism; 3 May 1921.

xxii) R. S. F: ‘Feels seedy’; 4 May 1921.

xxiii) Wise: O. P, rheumatoid; 6 May 1921.

xxiv) Kitchener: O. P, rheumatoid

xxv) Nielsen: O. P, rheumatoid

xxvi) Hollis: O. P, rheumatoid

Section three:

1. f. 47. List of haemolytic coli; n.d.

Section four: 31^{March-8 June 1921.}

ff. 78-95. Tuberculosis and Tubercle Fixation

i) Complement fixation of TB

ii) Tubercle fixation

iii) Tubercles fixations – heated versus fresh serum

iv) Fixation with different types of antigen

v) TB fixation – comparison of Douglas antigen and living TB

vi) TB fixation incubator versus ice chest

vii) Fixation in an incubator

viii) Duggies antigen - fresh tube of old broth

ix) Duggies versus live TB

x) Comparison of antigens

Section five: 12-19 April 1921.

ff. 113-115. Experiments examining the phagocytic bactericidal power to streptococcus and staphylococcus.

Section six:

1. f. 127. Table showing the serological reaction of types of faecal streptococci in the presence of antiserum of the [ ] type (altson 7)

Section seven: 21 Nov. 1921-5 Jan. 1922.

ff. 135-146, 152. Discovery of lysozyme

Initial discovery made on 21 Nov. 1921 and is noted as ‘bacteriophage’ with a diagram of the agar plate. The reaction was caused by nasal mucus but Fleming extended his experiments to include tears and saliva and other substances. As a result of this finding Fleming carried out a range of experiments.

i) Experiments with B. coli, pneumo, AF coccus, staphylococcus and streptococcus on blood agar plates

ii) Broth tubes planted thickly with AF coccus

iii) Resistance to heat of lytic substance

iv) Effect of dilution on the lytic substance

v) Effect of proteid precipitants on lytic agent

vi) Acids and alkalines on lytic substance

vii) Various experiments with samples taken from the body – hair, skin, nails, pus, ear wax, sweat and urine

viii) Experiments with guinea pig organs

ix) Experiments to test for the substance in vegetables – turnip, parsnip, artichoke, cabbage, potato and carrot

x) Experiments to test for the substance in rabbit organs

xi) Experiments to test for the substance in human tissues

xii) Experiments with Allison’s tears

xiii) Experiments with dilution of tears, saliva and blood

xiv) Pieces of interior of a tonsil and mucus membrane added to ice suspension of nasal mucus

Section eight:

ff. 163-178, 180, 188v. Microzyme

On the discovery of the same reaction with tears Fleming named the tear related substance ‘microzyme’. The term ‘lysozyme’ was not used until later, see notebook 56155.

i) Quantity in cartilage

ii) Rate of lysis at temperature

iii) Effect of heat on microzyme in saliva

iv) Effect of heat on microzyme in sputum

v) Rate of lysis at temp. of tears

vi) Effect of boiling on microzyme in tears

vii) Blood content of microzyme

viii) On strepto faecalis

ix) Action in tears on various strains of human streptococci.

Section nine:

1. f. 185. Temperature on the velocity of lysis

2. ff. 186-187. Experiments to test for the substance in dogs’ tissues; 28 Jan. 1921.

3. f. 188. Bactericidal experiment with tears and B. abortus (Bang’s bacillus) includes a diagram.

includes:

• ff. 3-10, 35v Haematology: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to agglutination: 1902-1936, n.d.
• ff. 19-35 Bacteriology: Notes and experiments by A. Fleming rel. to the isolation of streptococcus using samples taken from patients: n.d.
• ff. 78-95 Chemical process: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to fixation: 1921.
• ff. 78-95 Pathology infectious diseases: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to tuberculosis: 1902-1923, n.d.
• ff. 113-115 Cell biology: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to phagocytosis: 1902-1942.
• ff. 113-115 Bacteriology: Experiments and notes by A. Fleming rel. to staphylococcus: 1910-1947, n.d.
• ff. 113-115, 127 Bacteriology: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to streptococcus: 1921-1944, n.d.
• ff. 135-146, 152 Biochemistry: Experiments and notes by A. Fleming rel. to lysozyme: 1921-1948, n.d.
• ff. 163-178, 180, 188v Biochemistry: Experiments by A. Fleming rel. to microzyme: 1921-1922.