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Stowe MS 3
- Record Id:
- 040-001952779
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-001952775
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000493.0x000219
- LARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100059473555.0x000001
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Stowe MS 3
- Title:
- The Four Gospels; a Lectionary
- Scope & Content:
-
This manuscript contains the Four Gospels with prologues and tables of contents, followed by a lectionary in which readings from the Gospels are divided over the liturgical year. The manuscript has, on stylistic grounds, been identified as a product of the Benedictine abbey of St Remaclus in Stavelot. The manuscript was produced in the 10th century, possibly during the abbacy of Ravanger II (r. 980-1007). It has been illuminated in a Mosan style found in a group of manuscripts produced at Stavelot around the same time. Another British Library manuscript that belongs to this group is Add MS 18043 (a Psalter). Like many manuscripts from Stavelot, this manuscript contains unfinished miniatures (and initials and display capitals) that have only been drawn in ink (Nordenfalk, Codex Caesareus Upsaliensis (1971), pp. 141-42).
Contents:
ff. 3r-8v: Eusebian Canons (unfinished, featuring only the arches but lacking contents).
ff. 9r-10r: St Jerome, Prologue to the Four Gospels.
ff. 10r-11v: St Jerome, Epistola Hieronimi presbiteri ad Damasum papam urbis Rome (Letter from priest Jerome to Pope Damasus of the City of Rome).
ff. 11v-12r: St Jerome, Prologue to the Gospel of John.
ff. 12r-14r: A table of contents for the Gospel of Matthew.
ff. 14r-69v: The Gospel of Matthew.
ff. 69v-70r: St Jerome, Prologue to the Gospel of Mark.
ff. 70r-72r: A table of contents for the Gospel of Mark.
ff. 72v-105v: The Gospel of Mark.
ff. 105v-106v: St Jerome, Prologue to the Gospel of Luke.
ff. 106v-111v: A table of contents for the Gospel of Luke.
ff. 111v-169v: The Gospel of Luke.
ff. 169v-170r: St Jerome, Prologue to the Gospel of John.
ff. 170r-171v: A table of contents for the Gospel of John.
ff. 172r-215v: The Gospel of John.
ff. 216r-224v: A lectionary, beginning ‘In nomine domini · Incipit capitulare evvangeliorum de anni circulo’.
The manuscript contains a later addition:
f. 1r: A description of the manuscript (‘Note’) in French, added in the 19th century (?).
[ff. 2r, 14v, 15v, 16r, 172v, [215a] recto, [215a] verso are empty].
Decoration:
1 full-page miniature with colours: Matthew writing at a desk (f. 2v). 1 full-page unfinished 'LI'(ber) monogram in green and gold on purple parchment with birds for the beginning of Matthew (f. 15r). Arches for canon tables, with birds, dragons, or hybrids in colours, and foliate or inhabited capitals, left unfilled (ff. 3r-8v). 1 large unfinished sketch in pencil for a miniature of Mark writing accompanied by his symbol, and the beginning of his Gospel (f. 72v). 3 sketches in pencil and purple ink for large initials with interlace, foliate decoration, and zoomorphic figures at the beginning of Luke and of John (ff. 111v, 112r, 172r). Large and small simple initials in red or brown. Running headings in red.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- England and France 700-1200 Project
Stowe Collection - Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-001952775
036-001952776
040-001952779 - Is part of:
- Stowe Ms 1-1085 : Stowe Manuscripts
Stowe MS 1-9 : CLASS I.BIBLE, WITH BIBLE HISTORIES, GOSPEL HARMONIES, ETC.
Stowe MS 3 : The Four Gospels; a Lectionary - Hierarchy:
- 032-001952775[0001]/036-001952776[0003]/040-001952779
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Stowe Ms 1-1085
- Record Type (Level):
- File
- Extent:
-
1 volume
- Digitised Content:
- https://iiif.bl.uk/uv/#?manifest=https://bl.digirati.io/iiif/ark:/81055/vdc_100059473555.0x000001
- Thumbnail:
- Languages:
- Greek, Ancient
Latin - Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 0900
- End Date:
- 0999
- Date Range:
- 10th century
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
-
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- User Conditions:
- Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Dimensions: 340 x 220 mm (text space: 220 x 120 mm).
Foliation: ff. 224; + 1 unfoliated original parchment leaf between f. 215 and f. 216 (f. [215a]); f. 1 is an inserted folded sheet of paper; 1 unfoliated modern paper (containing bibliographical references) pasted on the inside of the upper cover.
Script: Caroline minuscule.
Binding: Post-1600. Brown morocco leather over (original ?) wooden boards, with three 13th-century Byzantine ivory plaques with low relief set into the upper cover. The plaques depict carved anthropomorphic figures that are partially gilded and identified by Greek inscriptions in red paint. The figures from left to right are: a saint with an almost entirely effaced inscription (St Theodore?), with the Archangel Michael above; the Virgin with Child, with the inscription MP KΥ(Μήτηρ Κυρίου); a saint with an almost entirely effaced inscription (St George?), with the Archangel Gabriel above. The spine was inscribed in gold at the British Museum: ‘EVANGELIA QUATUOR.’. The binding contains 2 dark brown ribbon bookmarks.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: Stavelot, Southern Netherlands (now in Belgium).
Provenance:
The Benedictine abbey of Stavelot: stylistic evidence (see Nordenfalk, Codex Caesareus Upsaliensis (1971), pp. 141-42).
Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (b. 1776, d. 1839), 1st duke of Buckingham and Chandos, of Stowe House, near Buckingham.
Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (b. 1797, d. 1861), 2nd duke of Buckingham and Chandos: inscribed ‘Press 3 No. 27’ on f. 2r, corresponding to the catalogue by O'Conor (Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis, II (1819), pp. 39-42); sold in 1849 to Lord Ashburnham.
Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1797, d. 1878), 4th earl of Ashburnham, of Ashburnham Place, Sussex.
Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1840, d. 1913), 5th earl of Ashburnham: purchased by the British Museum from him together with 1084 other Stowe manuscripts in 1883.
- Information About Copies:
- Full digital coverage available for this manuscript; see Digitised Manuscripts, https://bl.uk/manuscripts/.
- Publications:
-
Charles O’Conor, Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Stowe Library, 2 vols (Buckingham: Seeley, 1818-1819), II, pp. 39-42.
Catalogue of the Stowe Manuscripts in the British Museum, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1895-1896), I, pp. 2-3 (no. 3).
Wilhelm Köhler, ‘Die Karolingischen Miniaturen’, in Zweiten Bericht über die Denkmäler Deutscher Kunst (Berlin: Reimer, 1912), pp. 51-77 (p. 62).
Georg Swarzenski, Denkmaler der süddeutschen Malerei des frühen Mittelalters, 2 vols & 1 vol. with plates (Leipzig: Hiersemann, 1913), I: Die Salzburger Malerei, p. 28, n. 1.
Walter Howard Frere, Studies in Early Roman Liturgy, 3 vols (London: Oxford University Press, 1930-1935), II (1934): TheRoman Gospel-Lectionary, Alcuin Club collections, 30, p. 97.
Theodor Klauser, Das römische capitulare evangeliorum: Texte und Untersuchungen zu seiner ältesten Geschichte, Liturgiegeschichtliche Quellen und Forschungen, 28 (Munster: Aschendorffschen Buchhandlung, 1935), p. LI no. 174.
Franz Ronig, Die Buchmaleriei des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts in Verdun (Cologne: n. pub., 1967), p. 192, n. 385.
Carl Nordenfalk, Codex Caesareus Upsaliensis: An Echternach Gospel-Book of the Eleventh Century (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1971), pp. 141-42.
Hanns Swarzenski, Monuments of Romanesque Art: The Art of Church Treasures in North-Western Europe, 2nd ed., (London: Faber and Faber, 1974), pl. 82, fig. 190.
Christopher de Hamel, The British Library Guide to Manuscript Illumination: History and Techniques (London: British Library, 2001), pp. 46, 60, pl. 47.
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)
- Notes:
- This manuscript is part of The Polonsky Foundation England and France Project: Manuscripts from the British Library and the Bibliothèque nationale de France, 700-1200.
- Subjects:
- Bible
Liturgy - Places:
- Stavelot, Belgium
- Related Material:
-
Catalogue of the Stowe Manuscripts in the British Museum, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1895-1896), I, pp. 2-3 (no. 3):
'THE FOUR GOSPELS, in Latin: Vulgate version. Preceded by the prologue "Plures fuisse" (f. 9), and the Epistle of St. Jerome to Pope Damasus, "Novum opus facere" (f. 10). Each Gospel is preceded by its usual argument ("Matheus ex iudea," etc.), and by a " breviarium " or table of chapters; but while St. Mark and St. Luke are divided into the usual number of 46 and 94 chapters respectively, St. Matthew and St. John are divided into the smaller number of 28 and 14 chapters, a division which is found in the Codex Cavensis (C) alone of those quoted in Wordsworth's edition (Oxford, 1889): cf. Tommasi, Opera, vol. i. pp. 319, 346, ed. Vezzosi, 1747, where other examples are quoted. The Ammonian sections are marked in the margin. The Eusebian canons are rarely noted; but under each of the Ammonian sections is given the number of the corresponding section in the other Gospels. The text appears to be not of the first class, generally differing in doubtful passages from the Codex Amiatinus and kindred MSS. At the end is a Lectionary, entitled 'capitulare euuangeliorum de anni circulo' (ff. 216-224). Vellum; ff. 224. xth cent. Probably written in Germany. At the beginning (f. 2 b) is a full-page miniature of St. Matthew writing at a desk; and on ff. 3-8 are the usual columns and arches for the Eusebian canons, which, however, are not inserted. At the beginning of St. Matthew (f. 15) the first two letters of " Liber " are illuminated in green and gold, within an arch of the same colours, and the unoccupied part of the page is washed with purple, the white vellum, however, being left within the interlacings of the LI. This was done after the leaf had been gummed to the next; and, as they are now separated again, ff. 15 b, 16 are blank and the text of the Gospel begins on f. 16 b, the first verse being written at the top of the page in a different hand. A blank page (f. 72 b) was left for the first verse of St. Mark, and a design has been partially outlined upon it. This is the case also with two large initials in St. Luke, i. 1, 5 (ff. 111 b, 112), and with the first verse of St. John (ff. 172, 172 b). Bound in wooden boards, recently covered with morocco. In the upper cover are inserted three plaques of carved ivory, partly gilt, the work of a Byzantine artist of the 13th century. The subject of the central one is the Virgin and Child, with an inscription in red paint, MP KΥ[Μήτηρ Κυρίου]; that on the left represents a saint whose name is almost entirely effaced [St. Theodore?], with the Archangel Michael above, and that on the right another saint, also with partially effaced inscription [St. George?], with the Archangel Gabriel above. Folio.'.