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Arundel MS 155
- Record Id:
- 040-002039438
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002039280
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000395.0x0002ab
- LARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100056003913.0x000001
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Arundel MS 155
- Title:
-
Psalter ('The Eadui Psalter') with partial gloss in Old English
- Scope & Content:
-
This manuscript contains a Psalter including Canticles, hymns, offices, prayers, Old English glosses, and prefatory material. The text on ff. 2r-135r, 171r-190v probably was copied by Eadwig (also spelled 'Eadui') Basan, a monk of Christ Church Canterbury between c. 1012 and 1023, based on comparisons to other texts written by him. Eadwig may also have been the artist of the decoration. In the mid-12th century, the text of some of the Psalms and Canticles was altered to the Gallican version, some folios were removed or erased, and some new texts were added on ff. 135r-144v and ff. 147r-170v. Further hymns were added later in the Middle Ages on ff. 145r-146v.
Contents:
ff. 1r-1v: Three prayers, added in a 13th-century script.
ff. 2r-7v: A calendar.
ff. 8v-10r: Tables showing the date of Easter and other important liturgical dates and lines about nones, ides and kalends surrounded by arches.
ff. 11r-11v: Pseudo-Augustine of Hippo, Laus Psalterii (Praise of the Psalter), beginning 'Canticum psalmorum carmen electum est apud deum animas'.
f. 11v: Four prayers labelled 'Oratio post psalterium'.
ff. 12r-132v: Psalter.
ff. 133v-135r: Canticles.
ff. 135r-144v: Canticles, litany and collects added in the second or third quarter of the 12th century.
ff. 145r-146v: Hymns added in the mid-14th century.
ff. 147r-170v: Hymns and offices added in the second or third quarter of the 12th century.
ff. 171r-191v: Collects, prayers, forms of confession and Old English glosses.
[ff. 8r, 10v are blank].
Decoration:
1 full-page miniature in colours and gold, depicting a group of monks presenting a copy of the Rule of Benedict to St Benedict who sits enthroned while another monk prostrates himself at Benedict's feet (f. 133r). It is debated whether this image includes a self-portrait of the scribe and possible artist of the Psalter, Eadwig Basan (see, for a recent example, Newton, 'Giant' (2012), pp. 127-50) [Further miniatures were perhaps originally on the leaves which formerly faced ff. 53 and 93].
Tables with architectural details in red ink (ff. 8v-10r), featuring two drawings:
A drawing in a table in green and black of Pachomius receiving a scroll from an angel within architectural details (f. 9v).
A drawing in a table of three tonsured figures with books, where the central figure is seated on chair, within architectural details (f. 10r).
A marginal drawing of a cross with base (f. 11r).
1 full-page initial (‘B’) in gold with knot-work, foliate and zoomorphic motifs, and a full border in colours and gold at the beginning of Psalm 1 (f. 12r); 1 half-page initial in gold with knot-work, foliate and zoomorphic motifs, and a full border in colours and gold, with the Evangelist symbols of the cow and eagle in roundels at the beginning of Psalm 51 (f. 53r); 1 half-page historiated initial in gold, showing David killing Goliath at the beginning of Psalm 101, with full border in gold and colours (f. 93r).
1 large initial in gold with foliate decoration and an animal head in purple and red (f. 105r); 2 large initials with geometric patterns in blue, green, yellow (imitation gold), and red (ff. 147r, 162v); numerous large initials in blue, gold, green, yellow (imitation gold), or red, some with penwork decoration in the other colour; numerous small initials in blue, green, yellow (imitation gold), purple or red. Display script and rubrics in blue, green, and red.
Later faces added to some letters. Later marginal sketch of a lion rampant (f. 2r). Later marginal drawing of a creature (f. iii verso, 88v). Later sketch of a man in early modern attire (f. vi verso). Later faces of Christ and monks added to ff. 191r-191v.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Arundel Manuscripts
England and France 700-1200 Project - Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002039280
040-002039438 - Is part of:
- Arundel MS 1-550 : Arundel Manuscripts
Arundel MS 155 : Psalter ('The Eadui Psalter') with partial gloss in Old English - Hierarchy:
- 032-002039280[0156]/040-002039438
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Arundel MS 1-550
- Record Type (Level):
- File
- Extent:
-
A parchment codex
- Digitised Content:
- https://iiif.bl.uk/uv/#?manifest=https://bl.digirati.io/iiif/ark:/81055/vdc_100056003913.0x000001
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- English, Old
Latin - Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 1000
- End Date:
- 1150
- Date Range:
- 1st half of the 11th century-mid 12th century
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
-
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- User Conditions:
- Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Dimensions: 290 x 210 mm (text space: 215 x 160 mm).
Foliation: ff. iv + 193 ( + 3 unfoliated modern paper flyleaves at the beginning + 2 at the end); f. i is a bookplate; f. ii was formerly a medieval pastedown; ff. iii-iv, and f. 1 are medieval flyleaves; there is small modern paper slip between ff. 112v and 113r with a note signed 'GFW', which states that ff. 113-120 are misplaced and should follow f. 128.
Script: English Caroline minuscule; Anglo-Saxon vernacular minuscule; Protogothic; Gothic.
Binding: British Museum/British Library in-house.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: Canterbury, Southeastern England.
Provenance:
The cathedral priory of the Holy Trinity or Christ Church, Canterbury, founded in 597: the Psalter was probably copied by Eadwig (also spelled ‘Eadui’) Basan, a monk of Christ Church Canterbury who is known to have been active been c. 1012 and c. 1023 as a scribe of liturgical books and charters. The calendar includes the martyrdom of archbishop Ælfheah (d. April 1012), but not his translation in 1023; in the mid-12th century, Christ Church altered, erased or removed, and added new texts in order to make the Psalter conform to the Gallican version (see Ker, Catalogue (1957), p. 171); added obits for monks of Christ Church to the calendar at various dates (ff. 2r-7v).
William Ingram (fl. c. 1508), custos martyrii of Christ Church, Canterbury: inscribed 'Si quis invenerit hu[n]c libru[m], restituat do[m]pno Will[elm]o Yngram' (f. 8r, iv recto); inscribed with his name (f. iv verso).
John Waltham (fl. c. 1440), monk of Christ Church, Canterbury: inscribed 'Psalterium Dompni Johannis Waltham Monachi Ecclesie Cristi Cant' (f. 1v).
William Hadley (d. 1499), sub-prior of Christ Church: inscribed 'Psalterium Dompni Johannis Waltham Monachi Ecclesie Christi Cant. Ex dono Dompni W. Hadley supp.' (f. 1v).
'Thomas', unidentified: his name inscribed in a 15th-century script (f. iv verso).
An unknown 16th-century English owner: references to popes and to St Thomas Becket in the calendar effaced.
An unknown 16th-century owner: added prayers on ff. 1v, 2r.
An unknown 16th-century English owner: ‘Procter vendidit anno 1592' (f. iv).
Lord William Howard (b. 1563, d. 1640), antiquary and landowner: inscribed with 'William Howarde' (ff. 2r, 12r, 133r) and the date 1592 (f. 2r); his emblem of a lion rampant drawn in ink (f. 2r).
? Thomas Howard (b. 1585, d. 1646), 14th earl of Arundel, 4th earl of Surrey, and 1st earl of Norfolk, art collector and politician.
Henry Howard (b. 1628, d. 1684), 6th duke of Norfolk, presented to the Royal Society in 1667.
The Royal Society, London: its ink stamp: 'Soc. Reg. Lond / ex dono HENR. HOWARD / Norfolciensis.' (f. 12r); its book-plate with the pencil inscription: 'XV 8.4’, foliated as 'i' on an unfoliated modern paper flyleaf).
Purchased by the British Museum from the Royal Society together with 549 other Arundel manuscripts in 1831.
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/.
Select digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/welcome.htm.
- Publications:
-
Catalogue of Manuscripts in The British Museum, New Series, 1 vol. in 2 parts (London: British Museum, 1834-1840), I, part I: The Arundel Manuscripts, pp. 42-43.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 4.
George F. Warner, Illuminated Manuscripts in The British Museum, Series I-IV (London: British Museum, 1903), pl. 10.
Abbot Gasquet and Edmund Bishop, The Bosworth Psalter (London: Bell, 1908), pp. 23, 28-30, 32-34, 36, 39, 41-42, 53, 59, 68, 71, 73, 88, 122.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen, 1911), p. 129.
John Bradley, Illuminated Manuscripts, 2nd edn (London: Bracken Books, 1920), p. 251, no. 8.
Eric. G. Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the XIIIth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1926), p. 108.
English Kalendars before A. D. 1100, ed. by Francis Wormald, Henry Bradshaw Society, 72 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1934; reprinted 1988), pp. 169-81.
Guide to an Exhibition of English Art Gathered from Various Departments and Held in the Prints and Drawings Gallery (London: British Museum, 1934), no. 81.
Mary Ann Farley and Francis Wormald, ‘Three Related English Romanesque Manuscripts’, Art Bulletin, 22 (1940), 157-60 (p. 158).
The Monastic Breviary of Hyde Abbey, Winchester: MSS. Rawlinson Liturg. e. 1*, and Gough Liturg. 8, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, ed. by J. B. L. Tolhurst, Henry Bradshaw Society, 65-80, 6 vols (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 1932-42), 6, p. 238.
Francis Wormald, ‘Decorated Initials in English MSS. From A.D. 900 to 1100’, Archaeologia, 91 (1945), 107-35 (p. 132).
D. Talbot Rice, English Art 871-1100 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952), p. 198, pl. 57a.
Francis Wormald, English Drawings of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (London: Faber & Faber, 1952), p. 43, no. 26, pls. 22, 24a-24b.
C. R. Dodwell, The Canterbury School of Illumination 1066-1200 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954), pp. 4, 18, 26, 31, 35, 85, pls 2a, 19a.
N. R. Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957), no. 135.
Cecilia Sisam and Kenneth Sisam, The Salisbury Psalter: Edited from Salisbury Cathedral MS. 150, Early English Text Society, 242 (London: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 4-5.
Otto Pächt, C. R. Dodwell, and Francis Wormald, The St. Albans Psalter (Albani Psalter) (London: Warburg Institute, 1960), p. 254 n. 2.
Francis Wormald, 'An English Eleventh-Century Psalter with Pictures: British Museum, Cotton MS Tiberius C. VI', Walpole Society, 38 (1962), 1-14, pls 1-30 (p. 2).
Jackson J. Campbell, 'Prayers from MS. Arundel 155', Anglia, 81 (1963), 82-117.
Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: A List of Surviving Books, ed. by N. R. Ker, 2nd edn, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, 3 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1964), p. 35.
Margaret Rickert, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages, 2nd edn (London: Penguin Books, 1965), pp. 43-44, 48-49, pls 40-41.
Franz Ronig, Die Buchmaleriei des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts in Verdun (Cologne: n. pub., 1967), p. 198 n. 607c.
J. J. G. Alexander, Norman Ilumination at Mont St Michel 966-1100 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), p. 61 n. 1, 169 n. 3.
T. A. M. Bishop, English Caroline Minuscule (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), p. 22.
C. R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London: Penguin Books, 1971), p. 220 n. 38.
Elżbieta Temple, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts 900-1066, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 2 (London: Miller, 1976), no. 66, pls 213, 216-17, 220, fig. 56 [with additional bibliography].
J. J. G. Alexander, The Decorated Letter (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978), p. 70, pl. 16.
J. J. G. Alexander, Insular Manuscripts: 6th to the 9th Century, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 1 (London: Miller, 1978), p. 65.
Andrew G. Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c. 700-1600 in The Department of Manuscripts: The British Library, 2 vols (London: British Library, 1979), no. 447.
The Benedictines in Britain, British Library Series, 3 (London: British Library, 1980), no. 3 [exhibition catalogue].
Anne Lawrence, ‘Manuscripts of Early Anglo-Norman Canterbury’, in Medieval Art and Architecture at Canterbury before 1220, ed. by Nicola Coldstream and Peter Draper, British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions, 5, 1979 (Leeds: Maney, 1982), pp. 101-11 (p. 105).
Francis Wormald, Collected Writings, ed. by J. J. G. Alexander, T. J. Brown, and Joan Gibbs, 2 vols (London: Miller, 1984), I: Studies in Medieval Art from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, pp. 71, 99, 125.
Hartmut Hoffmann, Buchkunst und Königtum im ottonischen und frühsalishchen Reich, Schriften der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 30, I-II, 2 vols (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1986), I, p. 90.
T. A. Heslop, 'The Production of De Luxe Manuscripts and the Patronage of King Cnut and Queen Emma', in Anglo-Saxon England, 19, ed. by Michael Lapidge and others (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 151-98 (pp. 154 n. 9, 175-76, 182 [erroneously referred to as 'Arundel 115']).
Anglo-Saxon Litanies of the Saints, ed. by Michael Lapidge, Henry Bradshaw Society, 106 (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 1991), no. 13.
Michelle Brown, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts (London: British Library, 1991), p. 26, pl. 24.
The Making of England: Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture AD 600-900, ed. by Leslie Webster and Janet Backhouse (London: British Museum, 1991), no. 57, pl. 17 [exhibition catalogue].
The Eadwine Psalter: Text, Image, and Monastic Culture in Twelfth-Century Canterbury, ed. by Margaret Gibson, T. A. Heslop, and Richard W. Pfaff, Modern Humanities Research Association, 14 (London: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), pp. 23, 63-85, 104, 105-07, 137 n. 104, 181-12, pl. 33a.
Richard Pfaff, 'Eadui Basan: Scriptorum Princeps?', in England in the Eleventh Century: Proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by Carola Hicks, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 2, Paul Watkins Medieval Studies, 12 (Stamford: Watkins, 1992), pp. 267-83.
David N. Dumville, English Caroline Script and Monastic History: Studies in Benedictinism, A. D. 950-1030, Studies in Anglo-Saxon History, 6 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1993), pp. 60-61, 107, 113-15, 122-23, 139-40.
Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile, 23 vols (Binghamton, NY: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1994-2014), II (1994): Psalters I, ed. by Phillip Pulsiano, Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 137, pp. 19-37 (no. 175).
Richard Marsden, ‘The Old Testament in Late Anglo-Saxon England: Preliminary Observations on the Textual Evidence’, in The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration and Use (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 101-24 (p. 114 n. 72).
Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, ed. by Bernhard Bischoff and Michael Lapidge, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, 10 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 84 n. 4.
Carl Nordenfalk, Book Illumination: Early Middle Ages (Geneva: Editions d'art Albert Skira, 1995; originally printed as Early Medieval Painting, New York: Skira, 1957), p. 97.
Phillip Pulsiano, 'Psalters', in The Liturgical Books of Anglo-Saxon England, ed. by Richard W. Pfaff, Old English Newsletter Subsidia, 23 (Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995), pp. 61-86 (p. 63).
Michelle P. Brown, The Book of Cerne: Prayer, Patronage and Power in Ninth-Century England (London: British Library, 1996), pp. 140, 142, 158.
Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saints’ Lives: Vita S. Birini, Vita et Miracula S. Kenelmi and Vita S. Rumwoldi, ed. and trans. by Rosalind C. Love (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), p. xxvi.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 14.
Helmut Gneuss, ‘Origin and Provenance of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: The Case of Cotton Tiberius A. III’, in Of the Making of Books: Medieval Manuscripts, Their Scribes and Readers: Essays Presented to M. B. Parkes, ed. by P. R. Robinson and Rivkah Zim (Aldershot: Scholar Press, 1997), 13-48 (p. 26).
Michelle P. Brown and Patricia Lovett, The Historical Source Book for Scribes (London: British Library, 1999), pp. 75-77, pls on pp. 75, 76.
Richard Gameson, The Manuscripts of Early Norman England (c. 1066-1130) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 4, 95 no. 358.
Richard Gameson, 'Books, Culture and the Church in Canterbury around the Millennium', in Vikings, Monks and the Millennium: Canterbury in about 1000 A. D., Lectures Delivered to the Canterbury Archaeological Society, 30 March 2000 (Tenterden: Canterbury Archaeological Society, 2000), pp. 15-41 (pp. 35-36, pl. 9).
Dominic Marner, St Cuthbert: His Life and Cult in Medieval Durham (London: British Library, 2000), p. 52, fig. 15.
Helmut Gneuss, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 241 (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001) , no. 306.
The Leofric Missal I, ed. by Nicholas Orchard, Henry Bradshaw Society, 113 (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 2002), p. 204.
Michelle P. Brown, 'Marvels of the West: Giraldus Cambrensis and the Role of the Author in the Development of Marginal Illustration', in Decoration and Illustration in Medieval English Manuscripts, English Manuscript Studies 1100-1700, 10 (London: British Library, 2002), pp. 34-59 (p. 36).
Rachel Fulton, From Judgment to Passion: Devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, 800-1200 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), pp. 513 n. 32, 514 nn. 35-36.
Diane Reilly, ‘French Romanesque Giant Bibles’, Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits, 56 (2002), 294-311 (p. 294, n. 1).
Rebecca Rushforth, An Atlas of Saints in Anglo-Saxon Calendars, ASNC Guides Texts and Studies, 6 (Cambridge: Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, 2002), no. 11.
C. M. Kauffmann, Biblical Imagery in Medieval England 700-1500 (London: Miller, 2003), p. 118.
F. O. Büttner, ‘Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen’, in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 1-106 (p. 30).
Richard Gameson, ‘Eadwig Basan (fl. c.1020)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004) «http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55374» [accessed 21 Oct 2009].
Catherine Karkov, The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2004), p. 98.
Jane Roberts, Guide to Scripts Used in English Writings up to 1500 (London: British Library, 2005), p. 86, pl. on p. 87.
Richard Ovenden, ‘The Libraries of the Antiquaries (c. 1580-1640) and the Idea of a National Collection’, in The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland, ed. by Elisabeth Leedham-Green and Teresa Webber, 3 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), I: To 1640, pp. 527-61 (p. 541).
Michelle P. Brown, Manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxon Age (London: British Library, 2007), p. 154 (plate).
Melanie Holcomb, Pen and Parchment: Drawing in the Middle Ages (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009), pp. 15-16, fig. 11 [exhibition catalogue].
Richard W. Pfaff, The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 91.
Richard Gameson, 'An Itinerant English Master around the Millennium', in England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876-1947), ed. by D. Rollason, C. Leyser and H. Williams (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010), pp. 87-134 (p. 121, n. 72).
Francis Newton, 'A Giant Among Scribes: Colophon and Iconographical Programme in the Eadui Gospels', in Writing in Context: Insular Manuscript Culture, 500-1200 (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2013), pp. 127-50.
Kathleen Doyle and Charlotte Denoël, Medieval Illumination: Manuscript Art in England and France 700-1200 (London: British Library, 2018), also published as Enluminures Médiévales: Chefs-d'oeuvre de la Bibliothèque nationale de France et de la British Library, 700-1200 (Paris: BnF Éditions, 2018), pp. 18, 20, 21, 163.
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War, ed. by Claire Breay and Joanna Story (London: The British Library, 2018), no. 130 [exhibition catalogue].
Adam S. Cohen, 'The Book and Monastic Reform', in Imago libri: représentations carolingiennes du livre, ed. by Charlotte Denoël, Anne-Orange Poilpré, and Sumi Shimahara, Bibliologia, 47 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018), pp. 173-182 (p. 177, pls. 78-80).
- Exhibitions:
- Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War, British Library, London, 19 October 2018 - 19 February 2019
The Middle Ages, (online), 26 March 2015- - Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)
- Notes:
-
This manuscript is part of The Polonsky Foundation England and France Project: Manuscripts from the British Library and the Bibliothèque nationale de France, 700-1200.