Royal MS 11 B XIV

TRACTS on civil law by Irnerius, Bulgarus, and other early doctors of the Italian law schools. Included are (artt. 1, 27) the two anonymous tracts published (Berlin, 1894) by Hermann Fitting as works of Irnerius (fl. circ. 1118, the founder of the new study of the Roman law), but the attribution is disputed by F. Patetta in Bulletino dell' Istituto di Diritto Romano (Rome, 1895) and others. Bound in at the end are some later tracts on procedure. Contents:-

1. Summa on the Codex formerly known as Summa Trecensis (from the Troyes MS. 1317), attributed by D'Ablaing to Hugo Albericus, by Savigny to Placentinus or some reviser of Rogerius; edited by Fitting from the Troyes MS., a MS. at Bologna (Spanish Coll. 73), and a MS. at Paris (Bibl. Nat. Lat. 18230), as Summa Codicis des Irnericus. Patetta (op. cit.) and E. Besta (L'Opera d'Irnerio, Turin, 1896, i, p. 193) agree in regarding it as older than Rogerius. The tituli of lib.vi, tit. xxxi-end, are wanting as in the Bologna MS., and the Summa ends, as (originally) in the other MSS., at lib. ix, tit. viii, arenarii quoque'. Beg. 'Quia inter ceteras partes iuris precipua'. f. 1.

2. Beginning of a commentary, apparently on the Institutes, consisting of 22 lines only. Beg. 'Quia intentio generalis est bonos efficere'. f. 46 b.

3. 'Regule iuris': selections from tit. xvii of the Digest, lib. 1. Beg. 'In omnibus causis pro facto accipitur'. f. 46 b.

4. Two constitutions of the Emperor Frederic I made at Roncaglia in 1158 (De iure feudorum and Constitutio pacis); see above, 9 C. XI, f. 242. f. 47.

5. 'Incipiunt enodationes questionum Ro. pla[centini?-this seems to reopen the question of Rogerius' place of birth or residence, see Savigny, Gesch. des röm. Rechts, iv, p. 198] que in codice fiunt super titulum de legibus et constitutionibus': a dialogue between Rogerius and Iurisprudentia on tit. xiv of lib. i of the Codex. Unknown to Savigny. Beg. 'Boni equique professioni uigilantes'; ends 'equitati commendabit'. f. 48.

6. 'Communia de prescriptionibus Ro[gerii]': the first two chapters (continued below in art. 10) of Rogerius' Compendium de diversis praescriptionibus. Printed in Tractatus ex Variis Iuris Interprelibus, Lyons, 1549, viii, fol. 90 b, and in Migne, Patr. Lat. cxlvi. I486. Beg. 'Omnium prescriptionum iura'; ends 'de ediliciis adri (corr. acci) l. ult.' f. 50 b.

7. 'Introductiones Bul[gari] ad Aimericum cancellarium Rome incipiunt de iu[di]ciis, arbitriis, aduocatis, actore et reo, et de accusationibus et de testibus et de sentenciis et appellationibus' : the tract De iudiciis, described by Savigny, op. cit. iv, p. 114. Printed as lib. iii of Placentinus, De Varietate Actionum, Mainz, 1530, &c., in Tractatus Iuris, &c., Lyons, 1549, Venice, 1584. Edited in Agathon Wunderlich's Anecdota quae processum ciuilem spectant, Göttingen, 1841, p. 13. Beg.

'Carissimo amico ac domino A.'; ends 'equum uidebitur iudicanti'. f. 51 b.

8. 'De iuris et facti ignorantia, Bulgarinus'(cf Digest, lib. xxii, tit. vi, Codex, lib. i, tit. xviii): a tract more probably by Bulgarus than by his son Bulgarinus, who was probably not a doctor (Savigny, l. c.) and died before his father. Beg. 'Quia leges ab omnibus sciri debent'; ends 'statuta declarant'. f. 53.

9. 'De iure docium, Martinus' (cf. Digest, lib. xxiii, tit. iii, Codex, lib. v, tit. xii): tract by Martinus Gosia, surnamed Copia Legum, who flourished circ. 1158. Another copy is in a Grenoble MS., formerly 391. 2, no. 627 of the 1889 Catalogue. Beg. 'Maris et femine coniu[n]ctio'; ends 'liberi existant'. This and the preceding article seem to be otherwise unknown, at least as separate works, but may be parts of the un. printed gloss on Codex or Digest. f. 53 b.

10. 'De longissimi temporis prescriptione', 'De prescriptionum interruptionibus, Rogerius' (f. 57), and 'Quando contra pignoraticiam familie herciscunde communi diuidendo accionem furtiue currat prescriptio' (f. 57b): included in these three rubrics are the two remaining chapters of Rogerius' Compendium (above, art. 6), together with his dialogue on the same subject, printed as above. Beg. 'Nunc de longissimi temporis'; ends 'maiora non diffidat'. f. 56.

11. 'De iusticia et iure super Institutis, Ro[gerius]': notes, in similar dialogue form, on Inst. lib. i, titt. i-iii. Unknown to Savigny. Beg. 'Hee sunt leges quas ortatus est alicui studio'. f. 59.

12. 'Super institutionibus, B[ulgarus?]': an introduction to the Institutes, belonging apparently to the Summa Institutionum contained in the Bologna MS. (Span. Coll. 73), a Vienna MS. (2176), and the Grenoble MS.

(39I. 2, now627). lt was announced for publication by Professor G. B. Palmieri, who attributed it to Irnerius, but see Patetta, l.c., Besta, op. cit. i, p. 185. Beg. 'Liber iste institutionum seu elementorum nomen habet. Erigit enim lectorem'; ends 'summa ope leges accipere'. L6i.

13. 'Idem B. super codice': similar preface to a commentary on the Codex. Not known to Savigny, unless as part of a gloss. Beg. 'Nota nominis excellentia. que sit materia Iustiniani in hoc opere uidendum est'; ends 'uicem proemiorum retinent'. f. 61 b.

14. 'De eodem, Garnerius': similar preface to a commentar-y on the Codex. Apparently by Irnerius. Not known, at least in separate form. Beg 'Totius Romane legis intentio est de iudiciis'; ends 'causaque finalis in componendo'. f. 61 b.

15. 'De successionibus': the anonymous Summula Antiquitus printed by G. Pescatore in Beiträge zur mittelalterlichen Rechtsgeschichte, Berlin, 1819, Heft 2. Beg. 'Antiquitus iiii. erant iura que disponebant'. f. 62.

16. 'Gra.' (?): thirteen hexameter verses beg. 'Ex testamento fueris si liber et heres'. f. 62.

17. 'De stipulationibus, B[ulgarus ?]'; apparently unknown. Beg. 'Stipulatio est uerborum conceptio'. f. 62 b.

18. 'De peticione hereditatis, V[go?]'; cf Codex, lib. iii, tit. xxxi. Apparently unknown. Probably by Hugo Albericus, who died circ. 1166-1171. Beg. 'Petitione hereditatis directa tenctur'; ends 'nemo dubitat f. 63.

19. 'De dolo, B[ulgarus?]'; apparently unknown. Beg. 'De dolo accionem intendit'; ends 'ut infirmanda'. f. 63.

20. A few other paragraphs without siglae. Beg. 'Res a iudice statuenda'. f. 63 b.

21. Preface only, without title or author's name, of a tract printed in early collections under the name of Placentinus, De Varielate Actionum, lib. iv, Mainz, 1530; Tractatus ex variis Iuris Interpretibus, Lyons, 1549, iv, fol. 2, &c. (cf. art. 7 above). The attribution rests on no good ground (see Savigny, Op. Cit. iv, p. 259, J. Flach, Études Critiques sur l'hist. du Droit Romain, Paris, 1890, p. 295). There is apparently a copyin an Oxford MS., Corpus Christi Coll. cliv, p. 184. Beg. 'Inter cetera studiorum generaars boni et equi'; ends 'defensor existat'. f. 64.

22. 'De computacione graduum cognatio[nis] secundum leges et canones, Martinus'; cf. Inst. lib. iii, tit. vi. Apparently unknown. Beg. 'Hoc uidetur obuiare legi diuine'; ends 'in uno gradu constituit'. f. 64.

23. Treatise on the nature of actions, without title or author's name. Printed, from a MS. belonging to Professor G. F. Hanel, by Fitting, Juristische Schriften, Halle, 1876, pp. 117-127, cf. also Besta, op. cit. i, p. 226. Preface beg. 'Quoniam desideriis quibus difficile uidetur'; tract, 'Accio Inihil] est aliud quam ius perse. quendi'. Ends 'fructus quoque restituuntur'. f. 64 b.

24. 'Successio ab intestato': a short note without author's name. Perhaps coincides in part with an article in the Troyes MS. 1317 (f. 70) published by Hänel in a Leipzig Programm, 18 July, 1863, and mentioned in Fitting's Summa Codicis des Irnerius. Beg. 'Successio ab intestato secundum nouellas leges'. f. 66.

25. Glossary of sundry legal terms, in several hands. Beg. 'Edere est speciem future litis declarare'. f. 66 b.

26. The so-called Tobingen law-book or Collection A (see Conrat, Gesch. der Quellen des röm. Rechts im früheren Mittelalter, Leipzig, 1890, i, p. 420, Flach, Études Critiques, Paris, 1890, p. 187), which forms the source of the work called Petri Exceptiones Legum Romanarum, which is printed in Savigny (Gesch. des röm. Rechts, ii, P. 32I). Other copies are at Tübingen, Paris, Cambridge (Trin. Coll. 0. 7. 40), &c. Beg. 'Si pater ucl auus non dederit in testamento'. The rubrics, except the first four, are wanting. There are marginal references in a contemporary hand to justinian's books. The appendix, which is in the same hand, appears to be different from any of those in the other MSS. It consists of fifteen paragraphs, the first beg. ' Quisquis probatus fuerit rem ullam debitoris' and the last 'Cum resedisset papa Siluester'; the majorityare to be found in Petrus. Other similar additions and legal maxims are added (f. 74 b) in another hand. f. 67.

27. 'Incipit prologus questionum': the dialogue (between Auditor and Interpres) edited by Fitting, Quaestiones de Iuris Subtilitatibus des Irnerius, Berlin, 1894). The attribution is rejected by Patetta, l.c., and Esmein (in Moyen Age, Feb. 1895), but supported by Besta, op. cit. p. 140. Fitting's text is incomplete, containing about a column less than the present MS. Beg. 'Si te ludis interesse contigerit theatralibus'; ends 'ulterius procedat et extra rem ipsam estimatio'. Some notes added (f. 85) at the end include an excerpt (on the law of evidence) from Placentinus. f. 75.

28. A collection of quaestiones without heading. The solutions are mostly anonymous, but two are introduced in the forms 'Frogerius (i.e. Rogerius?) sic determinauit', 'Garnerius (Irnerius) sic soluebat'. Beg. 'Pacta nouissima seruari oportet. Hic est casus legis: credidi'. f. 85b.

29. A few added notes, beg. 'Apostatarum bona catholicis'. f. 88 b.

30. 'Bulgaricum stema': a collection of quaestiones solved by Bulgarus. This compilation, which was unknown to Savigny and G. Hanel, contains many of the quaestiones reproduced in other wording by the collections (Paris MS. then numbered 4603, Grenoble MS. cat. no. 626) of which Hanel prints a specimen in his Dissensiones Dominorum (Leipzig, 1834), p. 588. Beg. 'Negotium tale apud B. agitatum est. Quidam clericus nomine Titius'; ends 'etsi filius impubes decesserit'. f. 89.

31. A few added definitions and formularies, beg. 'Ratio est quidam mentis assumptus'. f. 103 b.

32. 'Incipit epistola Gelasii pape ad Anastasium imperatorem, in qua dicit se eum non excommunicasse', &c. : excerpts from two letters of Gelasius I (Migne, Patr. Lat. lvi. 634), viz. to Anastasius A. D. 494, 'Famuli uestrae' (Jaffé-Wattenbach, no. 632), and to the Italian bishops A.D. 495, 'Valde mirati' (ib., no. 664). Beg. 'Gelasius Anastasio imperatori. Pietatem tuam'. f. 104.

33. A few added rnaxims, legal and moral, &c., in prose and verse. f. 104 b.

34. 'Incipit liber de sententiis scantorum (sic) patrum': excerpts from Augustine, Ambrose, Gregory, Jerome, Isidore, and others, and from Pseudo-Isidorian and other decretals. Beg. '[Q]ueris quid faciendum sit de corpore domini'. f. 105. Artt. 35-37 are additions on smaller vellum in an English late 13th cent. charter-hand.

35. Epitome Exactis regibus (cf. 8 C. V, art. 6). Imperfeet at the beginning. Beg ...... Velusiano. lege Iulia de vi priuata tenentur', tit. viii, § 43 of Conrat's edition. Ends 'compdemnacio est aurcorum'. Colophon, 'Expliciunt exacta a Romana curia inducta' (sic, but the rubricator's direction was 'ciuitatc inducti'). f. 114.

36. 'Incipit summula egregia de processu causarum': the Summa Vt nos minores, describing canon law procedure in nine stages or 'tempora'. Another copy in 11 A. XV has ten instead of nine. The formularies refer to Paris, or to the diocese of Lincoln, and to Pope Innocent [IV?]. Beg. 'Nos minores in iure aliquo modo'; ends 'Et quamuis tractauimus libellum nostrum via longiori ordine iudiciali his versibus breuius iure ordinis obscruato poterimus expediri. Edo, contestor, iuro deponoque scriptis. / Pupplico, scribo, fero; non sic peruertitur ordo'. f. 117.

37. Pleadings in divers forms of 'exceptio'. Apparently incomplete. Beg. 'Quidam literas impetrauit sub tali forma: Gregorius ... Significauit nobis G. clericus quod cum in ecclesia sancti Nicholai'. Breaks off 'spontanee renunciacionis &c. unde specificare'. f. 122 b.

Vellum; ff. 129. 11 in. x 63/4 in. XIII cent. Gatherings, i-v⁸, vi⁷, vii, viii⁸, ix¹¹, x⁸, xi⁶, xii, xiii⁸, xiv⁹, xv, xvi⁸. Double columns. Artt. 1-34 probably written in Italy. Sec. fol. 'officium quesierit'. Initials in red. Probably, from the name W. de Clara on f. 1, belonged to St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury (cf. 8 A. VI, and M. R. James, Anc. Libr. of Cant. p. 532). Old Royal press-mark 'no. 832' (Westm. invent. of 1542, Add. MS. 25469, f. 35); cat. of 666, f. 10; CMA. 8435.