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Add MS 10294
- Record Id:
- 040-002108089
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002108086
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000000338.0x0003de
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Add MS 10294
- Title:
-
Lancelot-Grail (The Prose Vulgate Cycle)
- Scope & Content:
-
Contents:
The prose Lancelot-Grail continued (Sommer Vulgate Version (1909-1916), vols VI and VII):
ff. 2r-53r: La Queste del Saint Graal, from the second folio, incipit, 'toucera de si pres q[ue] v[ous] ne le voldries avoir baillie', explicit, 'Si se taist atant li contes que plus nen dist des aventures del s[aint] graal' (Sommer, vol. VI);
ff. 53r-96v: Morte Artu, incipit 'Apres che q[ue] maistres Gautiers Map ot traitie des aventures del s[aint] Graal ', explicit, 'apres che nen poroit nous raconter chose quil ne mentist' (Sommer, vol. VII).
[f. 1: The first folio of this manuscript, was detached in the 19th century and bound with Add MS 10293, f. 1: order as Add MS 10294/1].
Additional MS 10292, Additional MS 10293, Additional MS10294 and Additional MS10294/1 were formerly part of the same volume.
Decoration:
71 miniatures in colours on gold grounds within pink, blue and red borders with penwork decoration in white, each above an initial in gold on a blue and rose ground with penwork decoration in white. Numerous initials in red or blue with pen-flourishing in the other colour. Pen-flourished partial borders in blue and red extending the length of the page along the edge of each column. Rubrics in red added above each miniature. Instructions to rubricators at the bottom of pages, partially erased (e.g., f. 34v).
The subjects of the miniatures are:
f. 1r (now part of Add MS 10294/1): King Pelles's messenger arrives at Arthur's court.
f. 5v: Galahad finds Yvain and Baudemagu in an Cistercian abbey.
f. 8v: Galahad rescues Mélian of Denmark.
f. 10v: Gawain, Yvain and Galahad ride up to the gates of the Chateau aux Pucelles, a castle with maidens inside.
f. 11v: Lancelot and Perceval fight with Galahad who bears a white shield with a red cross, watched by an old woman.
f. 14v: Perceval at the window of a cloister, speaking to his aunt, a recluse and Queen of the Terre Gaste.
f. 23r: Lancelot is reprimanded by a hermit in front of his hermitage.
f. 28r: Lancelot joins the black knights in a tournament.
f. 29v: Gawain and Hector des Marais meet in a forest.
f. 32v: Bohort meets a cleric on a mule.
f. 34v: Bohort fights Priadan le Noir and the old woman escapes.
f. 38v: A flash of light from heaven stuns Lionel and Bohort and interrupts their fight.
f. 39r: Galahad fights against Gauvain and Hector in a tournament.
f. 41v: Adam and Eve naked beside the Tree of Knowledge with the serpent.
f. 42v: Cain murders Abel.
f. 44r: Galahad, Perceval, Bohort and Perceval’s sister in Solomon’s boat, with Perceval reading a letter.
f. 44v: A battle between Galahad, Bohort and Perceval in front of the Chateau Carcelois.
f. 45v: Galahad and Perceval find the white stag led by four lions.
f. 46v: A hermit gives the sacrament to Perceval’s dying sister who lies in bed at the Chateau Felon.
f. 47r: Two knights watch the Chateau Felon destroyed by a flash of lightning.
f. 47v: Lancelot reading from a written page in the funeral ship with the body of Perceval’s sister.
f. 49v: King Pellès refuses Hector entry to Corbenic castle.
f. 50r: Galahad holds the dying King Mordrain in his arms.
f. 50v: Perceval, Galahad and Bohort stand before King Arthur, and Galahad joins the two halves of the broken sword.
f. 52r: Galahad, Perceval, Bohort and a man with a crutch carry the table of the Holy Grail into the city of Sarras.
f. 53r: King Arthur asks Gawain how many knights he has killed on his quest for the Grail.
f. 54v: Lancelot performs marvellous feats at a tournament in Winchester.
f. 55v: Gawain and Gaheriet meet two squires carrying the body of a knight killed by a boar.
f. 56r: Gawain talks of love to the Lady of Shalott while Mordred speaks to her father.
f. 58v: The Lady of Shalott cares for Lancelot, who is wounded.
f. 59v: The tournament of Tannebourg.
f. 60v. Sagremor asking Morgain’s doorkeeper to lodge King Arthur for the knight.
f. 62v: The Lady of Shalott, holding her dog, tells Lancelot she will die for love.
f. 63v: Gaheriet de Caraheu eats a poisoned apple given to him unknowingly by Guinevere.
f. 64r: Lancelot pursues a hunter who has wounded his thigh.
f. 64v: Guinevere is accused of treason by the knight, Mador de la Porte, while she is at dinner with the King.
f. 65v: King Arthur and knights find a ship with the damsel of Escalot’s body of a maiden inside.
f. 66v: Lancelot meets a knight beside a spring and hears that Guinevere is accused of treason.
f. 67r: Bohort talks to Guinevere in her chamber and refuses to be her champion.
f. 67v: Lancelot, incognito, announces that he will be Guinevere’s champion.
f. 68r. Lancelot fights Mador de la Porte for Queen Guinevere's honour.
f. 68v: King Arthur interrogates Gauvain and his brothers.
f. 69v: Lancelot kills Agravain’s knight at the entrance to the Queen's chamber and the others flee.
f. 70v: Lancelot and Bohort rescue Queen Guinevere from the fire.
f. 71r: King Arthur and companions mourn the knights killed by Lancelot and Bohort.
f. 71v: King Arthur goes to the chapel to mourn Gaheriet, Agravain and Guerrehet.
f. 73r: Arthur besieges Lancelot in his castle, Joyeuse Garde.
f. 73v: A maiden comes out with a message for King Arthur, who is encamped with his army outside the castle.
f. 74r: The maiden brings Lancelot’s message to King Arthur, who is dining in a pavilion.
f. 74v: The battle between King Arthur’s and Lancelot’s knights outside Joyeuse Garde.
f. 76r: The pope places an interdict on Arthur’s kingdom.
f. 77v: Lancelot returns Queen Guinevere to King Arthur.
f. 78r: Gawain hands Lancelot his glove as a challenge to him for killing his brother.
f. 78v: Lancelot, Bohort and their company leave Joyeuse Garde.
f. 79r: King Arthur boarding a ship with his company, while Guinevere laments.
f. 79v: An old woman tells prophesies ill fortune to King Arthur and Guavain before the city of Gaunes.
f. 80r: Two bishops read a false letter from Mordred to Queen Guinevere.
f. 81v: Mordred attacks the tower of London where Guinevere has taken refuge.
f. 82r: Arthur receives the gloves of Lancelot and Gawain demanding a combat to determine Guinevere’s guilt.
f. 84r: Lancelot and Gawain fight and are both wounded.
f. 85r: Lancelot refuses to fight longer against the spent Gawain.
f. 86r: King Arthur sends back prisoners and the body of the Roman Emperor on a litter as tribute.
f. 86v: A letter from Guinevere is brought to King Arthur in his pavilion on the battlefield.
f. 87r: A message is brought to Mordred announcing the return of King Arthur.
f. 87v: Guinevere and her two maidens enter an abbey.
f. 88r: King Arthur brings back the body of Gawain.
f. 89r: The lady of Beloe is attacked by her husband as she mourns for Gawain. King Arthur dreams he falls from the wheel of fortune, with the lady Fortuna blindfolded.
f. 91v: The body of King Carados is carried to a mound during the Battle of Salisbury Plain.
f. 93r: King Arthur and Mordred mortally wound each other in the carnage at Salisbury Plain.
f. 94r: Girflet watches the hand emerge from the lake to catch King Arthur's sword as the king dies from his wounds.
f. 94v: Lancelot and his companions disembark on the shores of Britain.
f. 95v: Hector is reunited with Lancelot who has retired to a hermitage.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Additional Manuscripts
- Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002108086
040-002108089 - Is part of:
- Add MS 10292-10294/1 : Lancelot-Grail (The Prose Vulgate Cycle)
Add MS 10294 : Lancelot-Grail (The Prose Vulgate Cycle) - Contains:
- Add MS 10294, f. 1 : La Queste del Saint Graal
Add MS 10294, f 1 : The beginning of La Queste del Saint Graal,
Add MS 10294, ff 2-96 : Lancelot-Grail (The Prose Vulgate Cycle)
Click here to View / search full list of parts of Add MS 10294 - Hierarchy:
- 032-002108086[0003]/040-002108089
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Add MS 10292-10294/1
- Record Type (Level):
- File
- Extent:
-
1 volume
- Digitised Content:
- http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_10294 (digital images currently unavailable)
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- French, Old
- Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 1316
- End Date:
- 1316
- Date Range:
- 1316
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
-
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- User Conditions:
- Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript.
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: parchment.
Dimensions: 400 x 295 mm (text space: 295 x 240 mm).
Layout: 3 columns of 50 lines.
Foliation: ff. 96 (f. 1 is a paper flyleaf + 2 unfoliated paper flyleaves at the beginning and 3 at the end. Flyleaves ff. [i] and [v] are attached to marbled endpapers). This manuscript formerly consisted of 97 folios. The original f. 1 is bound separately in Add MS 10294/1.
Collation: i8-1, ii-xii8(ff. 9-96). Catchwords at the end of some quires.
Script: Gothic.
Binding: Post-1600. Red leather with gilt fore-edges and Roxburghe family crest with the motto 'Pro Christo et patria'.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: France, N. (Saint-Omer or Tournai).
Provenance:
Dated 1316: an inscription in Additional 10292, ff. 55v.
Charles VI (b. 1368, d. 1422), king of France: listed in the 1411 inventory of his library (see Delisle, Librairie de Charles V, II: Inventaire Charles V, Charles VI et Jean, Duc de Berry (1907).
The princes of Orange at Nozeroy: in the inventory of 1533, no 5 and in the 1686 catalogue of their collection, when the four volumes were still bound together as no 5 (see Middleton, 'The Manuscripts' (2006), p. 45).
Louis César de Baume le Blanc, Duc de La Vallière (b. 1708, d. 1780): his sale, de Bure, Paris, 1783, lot 3989.
John Duke of Roxburghe (b. 1740, d. 1804): his family crest on the cover with motto 'Pro Christo et Patria'; his sale, Robert H. Evans, 13 July, 1812, lot 6093.
Richard Heber, book collector (b. 1773, d. 1833): his sale, 19 February 1836, lot 1488; the four volumes, now Additional 10292, 10293,10294 and 10294/1, were bought by the British Museum for £131 5s.
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
Select digital coverage available for this manuscript, see Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/welcome.htm.
- Publications:
-
H. L. D. Ward and J. A. Herbert, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, 3 vols (London: British Museum, 1883-1910), I, H. L. D. Ward, pp. 340-41.
List of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum, in the years 1836-1840 (London: British Museum, 1843), p. 28.
Léopold Delisle, Recherches sur la librairie de Charles V, 2 vols (Paris: H. Champion, 1907), II, Inventaire des livres ayant appartenu aux rois Charles V et Charles VI et à Jean, duc de Berry, p. 182, no. 1116.
H. Oskar Sommer, The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances, 7 vols, (Washington, 1909-1916), VI and VII [an edition of the text of this manuscript].
Roger Sherman Loomis and Laura Hibbard Loomis, Arthurian Legends in Medieval Art (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1938), pp.97-98.
A. Micha, 'Les Manuscrits du Lancelot en Prose', Romania, 84 (1963), 28-60 (pp. 47-48).
Virginia Wylie Egbert, The Mediaeval Artist at Work (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), p. 56, pl. 18.
Andrew G. Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c. 700-1600 in The Department of Manuscripts: The British Library, 2 vols (London: British Library, 1979), I, no. 23.
Alison Stones, 'Indications écrites et modèles pictureaux, guides aux peintres de manuscrites enluminés aux environs de 1300', in Artistes, artisans et production artistique au Moyen Age: Colloque international, ed. by Xavier Barrai I Altet, 3 vols (Paris: Picard, 1986-90), III: Fabrication et Consommation de l'oeuvre, pp. 321-49 (pp. 322-25).
Jonathan J. G. Alexander, Medieval Illuminators and their Methods of Work (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), p. 115, fig. 196.
L'Estoire del Saint Graal, ed. by Jean-Paul Ponceau, 2 vols (Paris: Honoré Chapman, 1997), I, pp. xxvi, xxxi-xxxii.
Michael Camille, 'Manuscript Illumination and the Art of Copulation', in Constructing Medieval Sexuality, ed. by Karma Lochrie, Peggy McCracken and James A. Schultz (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), p. 74, fig. 4.7.
M. Smeyers, Vlaamse miniaturen van de 8ste tot het midden van de 16de eeuw: de middeleeuwse wereld op perkament (Leuven: Tirion. 1998), pp. 131, 172.
Martine Meuwese, 'Three Illustrated Prose Lancelots from the same Atelier', Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, 81 (1999), 97-125.
Fanny Bogdanow, 'La Vision d'Histoire Arthurienne selon Robert de Boron', in Fils sans père: Etudes sur le 'Merlin' de Robert de Boron, ed. by Denis Hue, Medievalia, 35 (Orleans: Paradigme, 2000), pp. 51-76 [on the text].
Alison Stones, 'A Note on the Maître au menton fuyant', in ’Als Ich Can’: Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, ed. by Bert Cardon and others, 2 vols (Paris: Uitgeverij Peeters, 2002), pp. 1247-71 (p. 1251).
Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold 800-1475 (Leuven: Brepols, 2002), no. 55 [exhibition catalogue].
Alison Stones, 'Mise en Page in the French Lancelot-Grail: the First 150 years of the Illustrative Tradition', in A Companion to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle, ed. by Carol Dover (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 2003), 125-44 (pp. 129, 133, 135, 137).
Alixe Bovey, The Chaworth Roll: A fourteenth-century Genealogy of the Kings of England (London: Sam Fogg, 2004), p. 17, fig. 13.
Elspeth Kennedy, 'The Relationship between Text and Image in three Manuscripts of the Estoire del Saint Graal', in Arthurian Studies in Honour of P.J.C. Field, ed. by Bonnie Wheeler (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2004), pp. 93-100, online at http://universitypublishingonline.org/boydell/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781846152627&cid=CBO9781846152627A016; [accessed 17.09.13].
Alison Stones, 'Illustration and the fortunes of Arthur', in The Fortunes of King Arthur, ed. by Norris J. Lacy (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2005), pp. 116-165 (pp. 117, 125, 136).
Roger Middleton, 'The Manuscripts', in The Arthur of the French, ed. by Glyn S. Burgess and Karen Pratt, Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, 4 vols (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2006), IV, pp. 8-92 (p. 45, 79).
Irene Fabry, 'Continuity and Discontinuity: Illuminating and Interlacing the Adventures of Viviane and Merlin in the Prose Merlin', Marginalia, the Journal of the Medieval Reading Group at the University of Cambridge, 3 (2006), online at http://www.marginalia.co.uk/journal/06illumination/fabry.php [accessed 17.09.13].
Deirdre Jackson, Marvellous to Behold: Miracles in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 60.
Joe Flatman, Ships and Shipping in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2009), pl. 28.
La Légende du roi Arthur, ed. by Thierry Delcourt (Paris: Bibiothèque nationale de France, 2009), p. 24, 29, 48.
Stones, Alison, et al., 'Lancelot-Graal Project', (2010), online at http://www.lancelot-project.pitt.edu/lancelot-project.html [accessed 15 April, 2015].
Alison Stones and Ken Sochats, 'Towards a Comparative Approach to Manuscript Study on the Web: the Case of the Lancelot-Grail Romance', in Codicology and Paleography in the Digital Age 2, ed. by Franz Fischer, Christiane Fritze and Georg Vogeler (Norderstedt: Bibliographische Information der Deuschen Nationalbibliothek, 2010), online at kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/4341/1/03_stones.pdf [accessed 11.10.13].
Irène Fabry-Tehranchi and Catherine Nicolas, L'iconographie du Lancelot-Graal (Turnhout: Brepols, 2021], pp. 21, 23, 26, passim, table on pp. 415-531.
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)