Add MS 23391, ff 2r-21r

Treatise on the hydraulic and pneumatic machinery of water-clocks with thirteen diagrams, attributed to Archimedes (Ἀρχιμήδης; أرشميدس; fl. 3rd century BC). The title is given wrongly as كتاب أرشميدش في عمل السكامات (Kitāb Arshimīdash fī ‘amal al-sakāmāt; f. 2v, line 1); the final word should read البنكامات (al-binkāmāt, 'water-clocks'). The treatise is a compilation material from Greek, Byzantine, Persian and Arabic sources, and some sections may in fact be derived from Archimedes.

Begins (f. 2v, lines 3-6):

إذا أردت ذلك فاعمد إلى نحاس فاتخذ منه خزانة

للماء (!) يكون ارتفاعها ثلثة أشبار في شبرين وليكن

مدورة مستويه مهتدمة جيدة اللحام وليكن لها

قوائم ...

Ends (f. 21r, lines 7-11):

... فنركب القمع في طرف الأنبوب من خارج ونصب

الماء حتى يبلغ المقدار الذي يراد منها الذي وصفناه فيما

تقدم من عملها إن شاء الله وقد يستخرج من هذه الآلة آلات

كبيرة فافهم ما وصفناه ولا قوة إلا بالله ثم ما أردنا من

ذلك وبالله التوفيق ...

The text is accomapied by thirteen diagrams with captions in Persian.

Diagrams:

• Top section of water-clock, showing a man's head whose eyes change colour on the hour a bird's head that drops balls onto a cymbal, and the mechanisms that drive these devices (f. 2r);
• Pipes, float and float chamber (f. 5r);
• Pipe out of which water enters the sump (f. 5v);
• Semi-circular plate indicating the twelve signs of the zodiac, and pipe with division marker and tap (f. 6v);
• A device found in a previous diagram (f. 8v);
• Drum container, water container, and water-sump container of a water-clock (f. 9r)
• Top section of a water-clock, showing a woman's head flanked by columns marked to indicated the 24 hours of the day (f. 11r);
• Automata of an executioner and fettered prisioners (f. 12v);
• Automaton of an executioner on horseback (f. 14v);
• Statues of men that rise and fall on rods to indicate the hours of the day inscribed on columns, and the mechanism that drives them (f. 16r);
• Mechanical snakes that emerge from holes at the foot of a mountain on the hour and the mechanism that drives them (f. 17r);
• A tree containing birds which emit cries on the hour when the snakes on folio 17r emerge from their holes, and the mechanism that drives them (f. 19r);
• Flautist automaton (f. 20v).