Mss Eur F699/1/1/1/23

Correspondence from Sir James Outram (nos. 1-3 and 24), Mr Coverley Jackson (nos. 4-23 and 25-32a) and Sir Henry Lawrence (nos. 33-50). Letters numbered 1-50 with index and detailed summaries. The volume also contains loose slips of paper with research notes in pencil from unidentified author [possibly Canning's biographer Michael Maclagan].

1. Letter from Sir J Outram, Lucknow, 19 Mar 1856. Thanks Lord Canning for his letter of 13 Mar and for permission to write privately to the Governor General. Has submitted officially a question to Lord Canning on the 40 lakhs of Rupees owed by the King of Oudh. Of this sum about 16 lakhs is owed to the troops, 10 lakhs is due on account of a loan taken up by the late Government, and another 10 lakhs owed as arrears of stipends to the families of former Kings. It seems absolutely necessary that the Government of India take over these debts. 40 lakhs is only of the annual revenues of the Province. The large numbers of discharged soldiers in Oudh will be a source of anxiety for some time, but Outram trusts that precautionary measures will prevent an outbreak. Lucknow is full of a multitude of idlers, suddenly deprived of their easy means of livelihood, and incapable of turning their hands to any useful purpose. The King has not got beyond Cawnpore, and Outram doubts if he will go further. He is said to be very unwell, the result of his first journey in his life of 50 miles to Cawnpore. Hopes the poor man may be persuaded to return.

2. Letter from Sir J Outram, Lucknow, 22 Mar 1856. Urges the payment of the King's debts. Explains that the money owed to the troops had risen from 12 lakhs to 16 lakhs to cover the interval between annexation and the discharge of the troops. Explains his suggestion of raising two regiments of King's Guards, or instead, four regiments of Nujjabs, and double manning the Artillery. This was not because of fear of any rebellious combination of the disbanded troops, or organized insurrection, but because the employment of these soldiers would help to secure the fidelity of many of the best troops of the late Government. The sullen spirit in some of the Nujjab corps has entirely disappeared since Major Banks disarmed and dispersed some bodies of them in the Districts. Some of the Police in Lucknow were similarly dealt with. From every quarter Outram has received favourable reports. The Nujjabs come forward readily to have their accounts settled; where they have delayed settlement by their own acts their claims are admitted only up to the 7 Feb, the date of annexation. Many of them seek service under the British. The King is still at Cawnpore. He believes he will not reach Calcutta alive, but he is ashamed to return to Lucknow.

3. Letter from Sir J Outram, Lucknow, 11 Apr 1856. Sends a letter from his doctor, in order that Lord Canning may arrange a substitute during Outram's temporary absence. Will forward the official application for 6 months' leave. Suggests Mr Ricketts might act for him, he has written to Ricketts. Oudh is now so quiet; that Outram will not be needed in a military capacity, and an experienced Civil officer would be far more capable than Outram of carrying on the Civil administration. Had always hoped that Mr Edmonstone would be given the charge of Oudh, with Outram remaining as his military colleague only as long as there was danger of war. He understands that Edmonstone prefers his present post, and therefore mentions Mr Ricketts. Outram has not written before, having nothing of importance to say, and being incapacitated by rheumatism in the right arm. Paper annexed: letter from Dr Fayrer to Sir James Outram, 11 Apr, on the importance of Outram avoiding the hot weather in Oudh in his present state of health.

4. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Agra, 3 May 1856. Thanks Lord Canning for the frank manner in which Canning, offering Jackson the Chief Commissionership of Oudh, spoke of his administrative ability and some peculiarities of disposition which might hinder the proper conduct of official duties. Will be constantly on guard against impetuosity of temper.

5. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 18 May 1856. Thanks Lord Canning for his letter of the 9th, will bear Canning's advice constantly in mind. Comments on the dispute between Mr Gubbins and Mr Christian which has led to a voluminous correspondence. The Financial Commissioner tends to embarrass the District Officers by issuing numerous circulars, which only add to their work in preparing the three years summary settlement. Names various officers who were employed in the King's Army, who were given civil posts by Sir J Outram, for which they have been found to be quite unsuited. Some of these, Captains Bunbury, Orr, and Hearsey, will be posted to the Police Battalions. One, Colonel A Hearsey, is a native in his habits, and too old for active service, and should be pensioned. Suggests rearrangement of the command of the Police and of the Artillery of the King's regiments. The Tulseepore Rajah has not fulfilled his engagement to pay his revenue for Mar, Apr and May. Mr Wingfield has been directed to summon the Rajah to adjust his accounts, failing which Mr Wingfield is to take measures for protecting the villagers from the Rajah's followers. Half a Field Battery is being sent up, there being at present no guns north of the Gogra except two guns of which the Artillerymen were lately in a state of mutiny.

6. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 21 May 1856. Describes the military force placed at the disposal of Mr Wingfield, for him to deal with the Rajah of Tulseepore. A small fort may be taken. The 9th Oude Locals are not considered trustworthy or efficient, and cannot be called on to cooperate. Reports the difficulty in collecting from the villagers the revenue of the previous or Khureef harvest, and proposes therefore to relinquish in part these demands and confine them to the Amils and officers of the late Government. A similar measure will be adopted with some of the Talookdars, though it is certainly not expedient to press the claims on these, as they are generally discontented in consequence of the settlement.

7. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 25 May 1856. Reports that Mr Wingfield is confident that with the force at his disposal he can bring in the Rajah of Toolseepore's force. Suggests that Mr Denison be replaced by a permanent officer, recommends Mr Boileau, Mr Thomason and Mr Goune as the best in their respective ranks, and also Mr A Hume, Mr Wigram, Mr Currie, Mr Probyn, Mr Martin, Mr Bax. The establishment for Public Works detailed by Lord Canning is most complete; names for Chief Engineer Major Durand and Captain McLagan. Comments on possible irrigation schemes. The statement of the chief roads for the Province have been already submitted. There is little money from the district road fund cess, and it should be devoted to district roads; money will be needed from Government for the chief roads.

8. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 1 Jun 1856. Writes that the affair of the Tulseepore Rajah seems to be settled without resistance. The quarrel between Mr Gubbins and Mr Christian arose over the Khureef balances and the three year summary settlement. Mr Gubbins annoys his subordinates by his constant circulars. Jackson has had to warn him against the implicit trust he places in Rajah Balkisheer, the Minister of the Ex-King, in directing the district officers to submit accounts of ascertained collections to the Rajah for adjustment of actual balances. Jackson has refused to agree to Gubbins' request for sanction for further payments on account of alleged loans to the Ex-King. Mr Christian's Division is further forward in the matter of the summary settlement than any other. Mr Wingfield has also done very well, but Jackson cannot ascertain if anything has yet been done by Colonel Goldney. Praises the Secretary Mr Couper and Lieutenant Anderson. Fears that an error was made in taking entire regiments of the King's into British service, instead of enlisting the men separately into new regiments Captain Bunbury and at least one of the Orrs should be removed from civil employ to the Police. Captain Hearsey was sent with the troops to Tulseepore, he was very successful and Jackson proposes to leave him in that country with 300 or 400 Police for three months. Mr Denison has not yet joined his appointment, this inattention to orders may call for a severe reprimand or perhaps suspension.

9. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 5 Jun 1856. Reports more fully on Mr Wingfield's expedition. The Rajah of Tulseepore's house was surrounded, and he and his followers gave themselves up. It is said that the Rajah intended to abscond into Nepalese territory. Wingfield has offered to pay the arrears of the Rajah's troops' pay for three months. Captain Hearsey has been most useful, he will pay the troops and enlist any suitable as Police. Has written officially about salt and opium; begs that full consideration be given to his views before issuing any orders prohibiting the manufacture of salt or cultivation of opium. For the present, the Rajah is to be detained under surveillance.

10. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 10 Jun 1856. Regrets that he must support Mr Christian in his remonstrance against Mr Gubbins, his superior. Describes the quarrel. Jackson has met with opposition in his orders to Gubbins. Recommends the appointments of Captain Bunbury and Orr as Commandants of Police Battalions, and suggests names for the appointment of Deputy Commissioner, preferring Mr Bax. Criticises Mr Capper. Would like to have Mr Ross and Mr Carnegie from the North West Provinces. Mr Anderson will no doubt be a practical Chief Engineer.

11. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 15 Jun 1856. Does not think that Mr Gubbins will improve, complains of his proceedings. Has sent up papers to Lord Canning on this subject. Has authorised Brigadier Gray to redistribute the men of the Oudh Irregular regiments expecting the sanction of Government. In this way all the disaffected may be got rid of. Some of the Commandants appear to be rather young Lieutenants, and the Brigade Major has also to perform the duties of Pay Master and Commissary. Hopes that the office of Brigade Major may be made distinct, and given to an energetic officer, suggests Captain Brookes. Hopes the native Regular Army in Oudh may be placed entirely under Brigadier Wheler, instead of as at present under two Brigadiers. Thinks three Native Infantry regiments may be dispensed with after the rains, but fears it will be necessary to retain a Field Force until the Irregulars become more trustworthy. Hopes Captain Bunbury and one of the Orrs may be placed in command of Police Battalions.

12. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 1 Jul 1856. Has called upon Wingfield a second time for an account of his proceedings at Toolseepoor [Tulispur]. Has sent an official report on Mr Gubbins' failings. Will write to the Lieutenant Governor, North West Provinces on the salt question, is sending a letter on the licensing of salt and saltpetre works in Oudh (not annexed). Has offered Mr Ross a place as Assistant Commissioner 2nd class, and if he refuses will offer the post to Mr Carnegy. Captain Bunbury and Captain A Orr are quite useless as Civil Officers. Suggests that John Hearsey remain in command of the mounted Police. Mr Capper has fully atoned for some discourtesy mentioned in an earlier letter, and Jackson would now like him to be promoted. Has filled up vacancies in the 2nd Oudh Infantry and the 3rd Oudh Irregular Cavalry by Lieutenant Bax 48th Native Infantry and Mr Hay.

13. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 8 Jul 1856. Reports that both Mr Ross and Mr Carnegy have declined the post of Assistant Commissioner Suggests Mr Owen for the place, and that Mr Owen's place as 1st class extra Assistant be filled by a native Deputy Collector from the North West Provinces, Shah Abbas Bey, or another. Cholera among Her Majesty's 52nd has made it necessary to move 600 men from their barracks to tents in one of the ex-King's parks, and a medical committee has decided that 200 must be permanently quartered at some other building or sent to Cawnpore. In consequence Jackson has directed the 17th Native Infantry to move to Cawnpore, the 17th Native Infantry's quarters will be filled by the 48th Native Infantry and two Companies of the 52nd will move to the large building in Lucknow now occupied by the 48th Native Infantry. Has received Lord Canning's remarks on the Military Police. Regrets that the Cavalry will be left in the same state as in the North West Provinces.

14. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 14 Jul 1856. Regrets that his expressions quoted in Lord Canning's letter of 7 Jul should have been considered objectionable, but is convinced that the correspondence will show that they were not used until language of a milder nature had failed to produce any effect. Repeats his complaints. Gubbins seems to have deliberately distorted his orders.

15. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 27 Jul 1856. Hopes that his last letter did not displease Lord Canning. Wishes to show forbearance to Gubbins, although his appointment was an unfortunate one, on account of his conceit and perverse disposition, and because his intellect was not considered quite sound when he went on furlough. The returns by the District Officers now coming in, concerning the summary settlement, show that Mr Gubbins' instructions have confused many of the officers. The Public Works Department is beginning to be organised. There should be as little delay as possible in completing four main lines of metalled road. Has sent Lieutenant Anderson to Lucknow to complete his survey of the buildings. Recommends Mr Volk for a vacancy as 1st class Executive Officer in the Public Works Department. Wishes to restore the Observatory in Lucknow, and place it in charge of a native under instruction from Colonel Willcocks.

16. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 22 Aug 1856. Reports that Major Anderson has submitted a survey of the line of road between Lucknow and the Jaunpore Frontier, comments. Describes other lines of roads being surveyed, and the probable cost (note by Canning, '4 gt Roads = about 16 lacs?'). Has recommended Mr Read as Superintendent of Forests, the timber in Oudh is abundant, of increasing value because of the railroads, and likely to be felled indiscriminately. Comments on the need for new buildings in Lucknow, which contains many palaces. Outram assigned palaces to the ex-King, which might have been kept for Public Offices. Captain Fagan will be useful in designing new buildings. Suggests Ensign Fosbery, 3rd Native Infantry, as a surveyor. Accuses Mr Gubbins of a want of veracity, cites example. States how he means to rearrange the divisions of the Province amongst the four Commissioners. Colonel Goldney's division is the largest, the most troublesome, and has the least efficient district officers, British rule is not firmly established there and there has been some defiance of the Police. Hopes that Mr Volk may be employed. The only step taken by Jackson in the matter of education is the authorisation of men in every Tehsildary Division to instruct the village accountants in their duties of account. The Martiniere College in Lucknow will teach a certain number who are to be sent in from every district. The management of the College should be provided for, Jackson has been obliged to interfere. Asks for his nephew Sir Mountstuart Jackson to be appointed Assistant in Oudh.

17. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 5 Sep 1856. Has constantly investigated the affairs of the Financial Commissioner without achieving any improvement. Is on friendly terms with the Judicial Commissioner although he disagreed with him over the Superintendent of Military Police. Will not call for correspondence from his officers so often. Urges the immediate necessity of providing main roads, comments on the cost. Nothing need be spent in irrigation works at present. Has not been able to obtain a copy of a survey of the Gogra. Jackson has taken possession of a ruinous palace for use for public offices. Comments on barracks, Kutcherries and jails required. Jackson has halted the King's steamer en route to Calcutta on the King's orders, as it is state property, and awaits orders. In Dec hopes the experiment will be made of sending a steamer up the Gogra.

18. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 10 Sep 1856. Supports Mr Wingfield's application for leave. Suggests Mr Roberts, Sessions Judge of Goruckpore, to act for him. Has sent an explanation of the petition about the Chutur Munzil, and explanation of his wish to retain the 12 elephants for the officers of the Province.

19. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 21 Sep 1856. Has consulted Major Anderson who is disposed to postpone until the cold weather of 1857-8 the metalling of the roads in Oudh, thus reducing expenditure during the present year. Lists expected cost of road works in the current year, comments. Agree with Lord Canning about the King of Oudh's complaints. Jackson found the King's valuable oriental manuscripts and other works had been taken from one of the buildings in Outram's time and thrown into a damp room; Jackson found a place for them to be rehoused in the Martiniere, but received an insolent letter from the King's brother-in-law saying they were private property, and not to be moved. They are now left to rot during the rains. Much other property is being left to decay in like manner, Jackson thinks it should be taken and sold. Jackson has taken some guns, which is probably the ground of the complaint. He intends eventually to do something with all the old palaces except those secured to the King by Government

20. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 21 Sep 1856. Replies about the Forts. On 18 Aug the Judicial Commissioner supplied a list of all the Forts, in the preparation of which Jackson understood the Commissioner had been engaged in Outram's time, in consequence of the Government wishing to reduce the Forts. This wish was opposed by Outram, who had an exaggerated idea of their strength. Only three of the Forts are of any strength. Jackson authorised the issue of a proclamation about the continued retention of Forts, and prohibiting the carrying of arms as a general practice, but the order was cancelled after a few days, as Jackson disapproved of Mr Ommaney's proclamation. Notices were instead sent to the owners of the Forts desiring them to surrender or make their Forts incapable of defence. Jackson never intended any measures against Forts except those which had sheltered criminals. The measure prohibiting the carrying of arms has been referred to Government. Hopes his explanation will be satisfactory.

21. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 23 Sep 1856. Explains further about the surrender of the Forts and the prohibition against wearing arms. Regrets that he issued notices for the surrender of the Forts without consulting the Government, he felt the matter was urgent. The prohibition against wearing arms has been referred to Government. Will in future consult Lord Canning on all matters of importance. One of the Forts has been surrendered on receipt of the notice.

22. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 5 Oct 1856. Has received a telegram from Mr Edmonstone directing him to stop the sale of any royal or state property. Replies that since he took charge of the Province he has not authorised the sale of any state property except arms condemned as unserviceable, and taken possession of in Outram's time. No state or royal property has suffered any damage. Will submit reports in answer to the King's complaints. Jackson was given warning of a plot to rise during the Mohurrum, and though he did not give much credit to the tale, Jackson thought it wise to take precautions. At least one of the King's relatives was said to be involved, and was confined to his house. Regrets the sudden removal of Mr Simson from his post. So long as the King's brother-in-law is entrusted with the King's affairs at Lucknow there will be complaints and trouble.

23. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 19 Oct 1856. Explains that he did not refute the King's complaints which did not deal with matters in his time in Oudh. All the buildings surrounding the Furrah Buksh or Throne Room had been taken under the orders of General Outram, and some officers had been quartered there, and horses and dogs may have been put in the Courtyard. The officers seem to have behaved excellently, though complaints had been made that the privacy of the Chutter Munzil adjoining had been infringed by some of their servants going to the top of the house. The accusation that Godowns were broken open was contradicted in a subsequent letter of the King. The sale of animals took place under General Outram. Does not believe in the alleged seizure of the King's treasure. Will submit a supplementary report. Has as yet no official report on the alleged conspiracy to rise during the Mohurrum, Mr Simson having left in a hurry without making one. 10,000 or 20,000 men are said to have been enrolled, who were to join the revolt. Mr Ommaney believed in the truth of the tale, but Jackson is less sure. He has received an anonymous warning against a revolt in which Man Sing is to take part. But the men of Oudh are now busily cultivating their crops. Jackson will be sorry to lose Brigadier Wheler but is glad to see the end of the three separate military commands in the Province. Comments on his proposed rearrangement of the Divisions. The Treaty with the King of Oudh as confirmed by the Governor General's Minute of 13 Feb limits the King's jurisdiction to one palace only in Lucknow. Jackson infers that this means the Kysur Bagh, and not all the palaces built by his ancestors. If the Chutter Munzil is to be returned to the King, some special provision should be made, for jurisdiction in it. Did not intend to dispute the fact that some women lived in it, but the inference that they were persons of consequence. Jackson considered the Government insulted when he received a complaint that the servants of the officers quartered in the next building to the Chutter Munzil were annoying the women by looking from the roof. Regrets that his explanation is not considered satisfactory. There are constant intrigues in Oudh to bring the Government into disrepute, and frequent reports of the speedy restoration of the King. Paper annexed: letter from M C Ommaney to C C Jackson, 18 Oct, on the conspiracy to revolt during the Mohurrum and the complicity of Mohsun-ood-Dowla.

24. Letter from Sir J Outram, Brighton, 26 Oct 1856. Reporting that he will return to India by the Mail of 20 Dec, having completely recovered. Supposes that he may be more usefully employed with the Army in Persia than in Oudh, where everything is progressing so satisfactorily, he has volunteered his services to the President. Will expect orders at Aden. Endorsed: note by Canning, the reply is to be sent to the Resident at Aden to await Sir J Outram's arrival. Dated 26 Dec but corrected by Canning to 26 Oct, received 2 Dec

25. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 27 Nov 1856. Reports on his tour. The people seem contented, except in Captain Orr's late District of Sultanpore where they were clamorous with complaints. Awaits anxiously Canning's decision on the charges against Gubbins, the affair of the saltpetre monopoly makes Jackson more anxious than before to have him removed. He was not satisfied with his Secretary Mr Couper's behaviour in the same matter and for various reasons has withdrawn his confidence in his Secretary. Has asked Mr Ricketts to explain his difficulties to Lord Canning; a Financial Commissioner at direct variance with Jackson, a Secretary in whom he cannot place confidence, and a Judicial Commissioner who disputes his authority in the Judicial Department. Affairs in the Province go on well. Would like Lord Canning to come to Lucknow. The Commander in Chief has been inspecting the troops and their quarters Jackson concurs in the proposition that 600 Europeans only be kept at Lucknow, with a depot at Cawnpore for the sick, invalids, women and children of Her Majesty's 32nd.

26. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Camp, 8 Dec 1856. Has just received a letter from the Resident of Nepal on the intention of Maharajah Jung Bahadoor to visit the Terai with a considerable force and guns on a hunting expedition. Suggests that the Maharajah be requested to state what force he intends to accompany him. The people generally are well affected, though some of the Talookdars, especially Rajah Man Sing who is said to have obtained asylum in Nepal, would no doubt assist any hostile advance into Oudh. Suggests that a larger force be stationed at Fyzabad.

27. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Camp near Seetapore, 18 Dec 1856. Comments on the District boundaries. Sudder stations should be fixed so that houses can be built before the hot weather begins. A report should have gone to the Supreme Government some time ago, but it appears to have been intentionally delayed by the Financial Commissioner Regrets that Canning has disapproved of his conduct in some matters between the Chief Commissioner and the Judicial Commissioner, comments. Defends his attitude towards the Judicial Commissioner over the control of the Public Works Department and suggests that the Judicial Commissioner has had little experience of judicial work. Jackson had believed that he had authority to hear appeals from the Financial Commissioner's judgements. Will endeavour to put a stop to these collisions of authority. Was grieved to find Mr Couper attempting to mislead him in the saltpetre business, as he had had a high opinion of Couper, though a private correspondence between Couper and Edmonstone (marked in margin Governor General's Book 276) was not agreeable to Jackson. Regrets that he has interfered in military matters beyond his competence. Is glad that Lord Canning will come to Oudh. There is no further news from Nepal.

28. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Camp, 13 Feb 1857. Has just received Canning's letter of 5 Feb informing him that General Outram's appointment to Persia will cause him to change places with Sir Henry Lawrence, who will shortly relieve Jackson. This causes Jackson great mortification, it implies he is unfit for his post. Regrets that his authority has been restricted to the shadow of power, cannot carry on the administration of Oudh whilst subject to these restrictions, and with the present members of the Commission, of whose conduct he complains. An earlier decision by the Supreme Government on the charges against the Financial Commissioner could have prevented much virulent correspondence. Asks where he is to be sent.

29. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 28 Feb 1857. Asks for particulars of the complaints against him. Had understood that he would be confirmed in his appointment as soon as it became vacant. Lord Canning strongly supported the views Jackson formed of Gubbins's conduct, but on this matter no official reply has been received. Both Gubbins and the Judicial Commissioner have been informed that Jackson's authority over them is rather in the nature of a referee than of a superior, and from the first their attitude has been antagonistic rather than subordinate. It is not fair that he should be removed without a chance to defend himself.

30. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 5 Mar 1857. Replies to Lord Canning's letter. Has felt most acutely his supercession. Has always had the good will and co-operation of every official in the Province, except for the Judicial and Financial Commissioners. Recapitulates Canning's earlier criticisms of Gubbins. Complains of Gubbins and Ommaney. Jackson was told that his estimate of his position was so wrong as to make it evident that he could not conform to the limits of his duties, whoever his colleagues might be. He was never told before that they were his colleagues. The appointment to Oudh of an officer who was about to leave India on medical certificate looks like an order for supercession of Jackson, which will prevent him obtaining a similar post, and seems hardly a fair return for his acknowledged zeal and abilities. Supports his statement that Gubbins told lies. Does not think sufficient reason has been shown for his supercession, and for leading the officials of the Province to believe that work has been in vain so far as Jackson has an opportunity of recognising them, and that Jackson was only sent to Oudh as a convenience to serve a temporary expediency.

31. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 10 Mar 1857. Reports the murder of Mr Boileau and four sowars by the Bandit Fuzl Ali and his men. Blames Mr Wingfield for allowing Boileau to pursue the band without Captain Daly, or some other military officer. No details are yet known.

32. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 12 Mar 1857. Gives further particulars of Mr Boileau's death.

32a. Letter from Mr C Jackson, Lucknow, 12 Mar 1857. Regrets that Lord Canning has thought proper to use such a strong expression about Jacksons treatment of the Judicial and Financial Commissioners in his letter of 7 Mar. Denies that his accusations are unsupported or extravagantly exaggerated, does not believe that the accusations against the Judicial Commissioner have ever been investigated, and does not believe that the Financial Commissioner refuted the accusations against himself.

33. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 20 Mar 1857. Reports his arrival before daybreak. He has had two hours with Mr Jackson, who received him like a gentleman. Has been on friendly terms with Mr Gubbins for many years, though he has never done business with him. Has only met Mr Ommaney once. Is more afraid of Mr Christian than either of the others, as Secretary at Lahore he tried to be a Member of the Board. He is now older and it is to be hoped steadier. Personally he is a friend. Lawrence knows and likes Goldney and Banks. He has never met Mr Wingfield. Has no doubt all will pull well together. The thermometer frightens Sir Henry more than any of them, but has happily found a cellar under the Residency. Will write again about salt. Does not think that the grant of a Jaghir for the King in Oudh would be a good idea, but if he would accept a grant of waste lands and occupy it with a few thousand of his old retainers, good would accrue to all parties. There are many suitable pieces of land, mentions one south of Mirzapore of 500 or 600 square miles.

34. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 18 Apr 1857. Sends two notes on an intrigue in Lucknow. On 16 Apr Major Banks, Captain Carnegie and Mr Martin reported that Rookun ood Dowlah was receiving sepoys from the Regular Army, especially from the 48th Native Infantry and that a rising was intended in 5 nights' time. Carnegie was given the instructions which he reports completed. There is no doubt that the 48th Native Infantry burnt down their doctor's bungalow. The City Guards over the Treasury are relieved on Monday mornings and on the preceding Monday a mutiny was planned, beginning with the Treasury Guard and involving the three regiments from cantonments. This plot was reported by Captain Orr, sepoys from the 48th Native Infantry had tried to persuade Orr's Police sepoys to join; Lawrence disbelieves the tale. Lawrence would like to send the 48th Native Infantry out of Oudh, and the 41st Native Infantry out of Seetapore. It is a mistake to have so few reliable troops in Oudh. It is not true that the Oudh regiments, which were taken on wholesale from the King's Army, prefer British service. The small additional pay does not compensate for the bother of pipeclay, discipline and duty. The defects in the military arrangements are great. Cavalry, Artillery and Infantry are all separated by several marches. The Magazine is as unsafe as it is possible to make it, it should be moved, but there is not time before the rains. The City of Lucknow is said to consist of 600,000 or 700,000 people, with many thousands of disbanded soldiers and of starving dependents of the late Government, estimated at 20,000. There must be intrigue and disaffection in such a mass. The people look angry. Clods have been thrown at Mr Ommaney and Major Anderson. The 48th Native Infantry rarely or never salute an officer. If the British can trust their own people they will be in little danger from others. The improvements in Lucknow have gone on too fast and too roughly. Much discontent has been caused by demolition of buildings, and still more by threats of further similar measures, also by the seizure of religious and other buildings and land as Government property. Lawrence has visited many of these places, pacified the parties concerned and prohibited any seizures or demolition without competent authority. The Revenue measures have been unsatisfactory. Reductions have recently been made even up to 35% showing how heavy was the previous year's assessment. The Talookdars have also been hardly dealt with, at least in the Fyzabad Division. Asks for a Revenue Survey. All the officers work hard, most too hard. Asks for an Assistant for Major Banks. Lawrence gets all the support he could desire from his officers; his health is improved. Paper annexed: note from Major Banks, sending a copy of a note from Captain Carnegie, 18 Apr, on the intrigues between Rookun ood Dowlah and the sepoys. Believes nothing will be done until the arrival of the disbanded 19th Native Infantry

35. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 18 Apr 1857. Hopes that Captain Nixon will be allowed to finish the Revenue Settlement of Bhurtpore. Lawrence's Report on Bhurtpore and Major Morrison is before Lord Canning, Lawrence feels he should have tried to get rid of Morrison a year before. Above all others Lawrence would like to see Colonel Nicholson Political Agent at Bhurtpore, and he understands from Edwardes that Nicholson would be very glad to go there. Recommends Nicholson, Taylor, Becher and Nixon. Has kept back Nixon's Report on Bhurtpore, awaiting Major Morrison's reply.

36. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 1 May 1857. Has thought it better not to act on Mr Talbot's telegraphic message until he receives Lord Canning's letter. He would be better without the 48th Native Infantry but is not sure that the feeling in the other regiments is better, and there is little doubt that the 48th Native Infantry would not be improved by a move, which is an important consideration in the present general condition of the Army. Has concluded that in the absence of any proven act of the 48th Native Infantry it will be best to let them remain until Oct, by which time he hopes a Sikh Corps will be substituted for them. Believes all the troops should be out of Lucknow, except a Company of Artillery and two Companies of Infantry, which should be in an elevated enclosure called the Muchee Bawun, which he describes. In cantonments he would have at least one full regiment, and a Wing at Cawnpore; also three Batteries, one at least European, two regiments of Native Infantry, one of Pathan or Sikh Irregulars, one of Cavalry. The town duties should be done entirely by Military Police. Asks for orders for Barracks immediately. Has received many letters on the state of the Army. Most of them attribute the present bad feeling not to the cartridges but to a pretty general dissatisfaction with many recent acts of Government which have been played upon by incendiaries. The sepoys dislike annexations because, among other reasons, each new Province widens the sphere of service and at the same time diminishes the Government's enemies, and thereby the sepoys' importance. The General Service enlistment oath is most distasteful. The new Post Office rules are bitter grievances among the sepoys, in addition to the numbers of letters never received. Urges that the sepoys' grievances be redressed, and that they be given better opportunities of rising in the service better pay, and more reasonable pensions. The quietest way to move the 48th Native Infantry would be to send it to Cawnpore, to enable a full regiment to move on to Banda. Cites an example of the dislike of foreign service. All the roads are swarming with leave of absence and invalid sepoys.

37. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 2 May 1857. Is glad that his views on the 48th Native Infantry meet with Lord Canning's. Lawrence fears to do anything to increase alarm. The officers of Her Majesty's 32nd now sleep near their lines as they ought always to have done. Has no reason to doubt the Artillery's loyalty, although much has been done to disgust many of the native officers, because they do not understand the British mounted drill. Comments on the tactlessness of the British officers, who are all very young. Captain Carnegie reports a demonstration in the 7th Oudh Irregulars against cartridges, and an intended meeting of traitors on 3 May. Carnegie believes the Military Police more loyal than the Irregulars. Lawrence has had Rookun ood Dowlah to his house, and likes his appearance, but his sons are not pleasant looking fellows. These people can be dangerous only in conjunction with the sepoys. Lawrence is on good terms with all the chiefs. Hopes the 34th Native Infantry will be disbanded, and that a mixed Gurkha and Hill Rajput Corps, and a Sikh Corps, will be raised to replace the 34th Native Infantry and 19th Native Infantry The bad feeling seems as yet chiefly among the Hindu sepoys, whose fears for caste have been worked on. If the feeling led to open mutiny, the Mahommedans would soon become the most energetic and virulent mutineers. Whatever the dangers from the Native Press, Lawrence considers the newspapers in English much the most dangerous, cites some of the editorials in the 'Friend of India' directed against all connected with native religions, principalities, and jaghirs. Believes that until the natives, especially the soldiers, are treated as if they had much the same feelings, the same ambition, the same perception of ability and imbecility as the British, the Government will never be safe. For expressing similar views over the last 15 years Lawrence has done himself much harm. Protests that Generals, Colonels and Subadars are nearly always too old for their work. The Subadars and Jemadars are expected to be contented with very small pay and comparatively low rank. Has seen no original articles on the cartridge question, but almost every letter and article in the English papers on Barrackpore, Ambala, Meerut, Berhampore and Dinapore has been translated. Suggests decreasing the number of native papers by helping one or two of the cleverest with information, and even with plates; asks for permission to try this. Is willing to hold Oudh with Irregulars aided by one or two regiments of Europeans and two batteries of European Artillery, but asks for the Irregulars to be of mixed races. Would like a Corps of Regular Cavalry, or a Guide Corps. Hopes the Oudh, Rajpootana and Gwalior Irregulars will be put on the same footing as those of the Punjab. Each regular Native Infantry Regiment must be cut from 1,000 to 800 sepoys. Recommends Major Coke and Major Anderson to replace Brigadier Grey in command of the Force. Would prefer Nicholson, if he is not otherwise provided for, but hopes he will get Bhurtpore.

38. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 3 May 1857. Reports that the 7th Oudh Irregulars have refused to use the cartridges. Lawrence has been for several hours investigating a letter sent from the 7th to the 48th Native Infantry saying they had acted for the faith and awaited the 48th's orders. Lawrence may take the responsibility of disbanding the 7th. Colonel Palmer has great confidence in the 48th. Paper annexed: letter from J Gray to Sir Henry Lawrence, 8pm, 2 May, Gray had seen the 7th paraded, and refusing, notwithstanding all that was said to them, to take the cartridges. Will send Lieutenant Watson's Report. Thinks the affair has been brewing for some time.

39. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 4 May 1857. Asks for a Sikh regiment or even a Wing, at once. The coup is stated to have great effect in the City, but people tell Lawrence that the 48th abused the 7th for running away and said that if the 7th had stood the 48th would not have fired. Lawrence does not believe a quarter of the reports, but they are not pleasant. The letter intercepted on the 3rd ended with 'it is a question of religion'.

40. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 6 May 1857. Reports that 49 of the ringleaders of the 7th Oudh Irregulars have been seized. All is quiet, and the Court of Inquiry sits all day. Hopes his official letter will have satisfied Lord Canning of the urgent necessity of a Revenue Survey. The extent to which boundary disputes filled the Jails in the North West Provinces before the Revenue Survey is incredible. A dispute which may be settled in a day drives whole villages to arms. The Survey is also of advantage to the revenue, by equalising burdens. The next great need is for roads. There is not one in the Province. Hopes the whole scheme may be sanctioned at once, it will open out the country and relieve present distress. There are many thousands starving even in Lucknow. One of the notes Lawrence sent to Mr Talbot (note in margin with a reference to the Private Secretary's correspondence no. 1887) suggested small grants to special families, but Lawrence does not see how this could be done without much fraud. Distribution of grain would be better, but best of all would be expenditure on public works. There must have been about 683 Oudh men in the 19th Native Infantry

41. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 9 May 1857. Reports that the Court of Inquiry has ended after 40 hours without adding much to what was known before. The 7th expected sympathy if not support from the Regulars, but Lawrence doubts if they had much to go on. On 7 May the lines of the 48th Native Infantry were burnt down, the fire starting in the hut of the old subadar who gave up the letter from the 7th Oudh Irregulars. Does not think many if any of the men of the 48th were involved, it might have been the work of the 7th. Lawrence went through the lines of the 48th and talked to many of the men, all were very civil though many were downcast at the loss of their private property and their huts. The wretched arrangement of the huts, on the Bengal system, prevents them saving anything in a fire in a high wind. Reports a conversation with a jemadar of the Oudh Artillery, a Brahmin, who was firmly convinced that for the last 10 years the Government had been engaged in measures for the forcible or rather fraudulent conversion of all the natives. The Brahmin had served for 20 years, knew the British weaknesses and strength, and hates the British thoroughly. He gave the British no credit whatever, save in the case of some children rescued at Kabul made over to their parents and friends without being made Christians, but also spoke of children purchased during famine being converted. Other sepoys give the Government credit for good intentions. Believes that the 7th Oudh Irregulars should be disbanded, some may be re-enlisted later.

42. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 11 May 1857. Hopes the 7th will be disbanded. Has received Canning's letter of 6 May. Colonel Baird Smith's account of the atta boats explains the reports at Lucknow of the arrival of mixed atta from Calcutta. The atta and cartridge story would never have been believed a year before. Such stories were current in 1845. Hunger, poverty and discontent are the incentives among the people of Oudh and the Talookdars to intrigue. The disturbance at Barrackpore may have been lighted from Lucknow, but the incendiaries are as likely to be Calcutta babus as any other. The half-educated babus are more disaffected than any others. Agrees that there has been no want of recruits since the General Service Order, but there is always unpleasant feeling on embarkation for foreign service. Suggests some, but not all, general service Corps. Hopes Brahmins will not be excluded from the Army. Lawrence would trust no man implicitly, nor keep out any good soldier, but work one against the other. Colin Troup, who lately commanded the 48th Native Infantry, writes that he would lead that Corps anywhere. His present Corps, the 68th, are now daily using the greased cartridge. Troup has the faults of the old school of energetic able Bengali, soured by Army Headquarters. He laughs at the idea of the cartridge being the real obstacle. Lawrence thinks the cartridge is the excuse, the nearest at hand. Hopes the old cry of defiling the wells may not be raised. Regrets that Canning is thinking of sending 21st class Deputies from the Punjab, as this will disappoint those whose expectations have been raised. Will be glad to have Major S A Abbott, would rather have Captain McNeil than Major Voyle, McNeil would come as a Junior Deputy or even a 1st Assistant. Would prefer Henry Coxe, Pollock, Taylor or Cripps to Voyle. Nicholson would rather come as a Deputy than continue in his present position. Will send the Report of the Court of Inquiry on the 7th Oudh Irregulars.

43. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 14 May 1857. Has a good account of the Oudh Corps at the different outstations. The 4th Infantry and 2nd Cavalry have behaved very well. The 5th Oudh Irregulars have offered to use the cartridge and otherwise shown their loyalty. Lawrence has returned the proceedings of the Court of Inquiry for further investigation, very little information has been gained, and no-one has been named as threatening violence or seizing arms. The trouble is that the officers and sergeants do not know the names of their men. The natives do not thoroughly understand their young officers. Believes that the outbreak could have been prevented by an intelligent commanding officer, but it has done no harm. Mr Norton the Calcutta Vakeel is at Lucknow pleading against Mr Gubbins, he may do some harm.

44. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 29 May 1857. Has received the message of 12 May and hopes to send off the revised proceedings of the Court of Inquiry. It is not pleasant to have 56 military prisoners with a comparatively weak guard close to the Magazine; will release those men whom there is nothing decisive against, and retain 15 or 20 for trial. He hears greatly exaggerated accounts from Meerut.

44a. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 29 May 1857. Thanks Lord Canning for his letters of 22 and 24 May. Has not written as he had no more to say than daily alarms and hourly reports. His three positions, the 32nd in the cantonments, the Residency and the Muchee Baween are safe against all probable comers. Now that there is no news from Delhi outside perplexities are hourly increasing, with reports of murder, the raising of the green standards and of disaffection. Unless Delhi is taken, there will shortly be one feeling throughout the Army; a feeling that British prestige is gone, the most dangerous of all. The natives have greatly altered their tone in the last few days, Lawrence only remembers such a tone being used just after the Kabul massacre. Every effort should be made to recover Delhi. The King is a watchword to Mahommedans, and the loss of the capital is a stigma. There is fear amongst all classes of natives for their caste and religion. Has not written to Jung Bahadoor because in the present circumstances Lawrence does not think he could or would help. Gurkha pride would be more likely to urge an attempt to recover old possessions than assist old enemies. But he has told Major Ramsay to put out feelers. Once Delhi is recovered the game will be in British hands once more. Lawrence will as directed submit his views on the Army. Radical reform is necessary especially amongst the officers. (Lawrence breaks off, letter continues in a different hand). The disturbance feared has occurred, and the situation is better than before, for now he knows his friends and enemies. The enemy has been chased outside the town. 60 prisoners were taken, and they are being tried by drumhead Court Martial. Describes the disturbance. Colonel Palmer behaved very badly; he and his like are calamities. Two men have been hanged and about 20 or 30 more will be hanged. His telegraphed that it would never do to retire from Allahabad. Is confident that Lucknow can be held as long as provisions last. When Delhi is taken all will be safe, if there is delay most of the outposts will be lost. Lists killed and wounded Europeans, and praises Lieutenant Hardinge, and Martin Gubbins. Marked 'Received 6 Jun'.

44b. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 13 Jun 1857. Wrote a long letter on 12 Jun describing the sad succession of misfortunes. Now confirms the fate of Sultanpore and Fyzabad. At Sultanpore the Europeans were butchered. At Fyzabad all were saved and everything was conducted with the utmost regularity; the native Civil Officers taking prominent places, and the King of Delhi was proclaimed. In all quarters there is similar method and regularity. There is no certain news from Cawnpore, but there is no reason to doubt that General Wheeler still holds his ground. The mutineers hold the river bank for many miles above and below Cawnpore, and search all passersby. They at once seized all the boats and took them to their own bank. Wishes he could help Cawnpore, but the numbers at Lucknow, the distance and the river make it hopeless. The weather is terrible for the Europeans, two died on the 12th from exposure after 3pm. Yet Mr Gubbins would be continually sending men on elephants 50 miles off or more; he is quite insane on what he calls energetic manly measures. His language has been so extravagant that were he not really useful, Lawrence would be obliged to take severe measures against him. He is the one malcontent in the garrison. On 12 Jun the mutinous Police, about 1,000 strong, were pursued about 8 miles, leaving the Residency weakly guarded. Reports news of deaths and escapes of Europeans. All the Oudh Regulars, except about 200, were allowed to return to their homes through the unwarrantable interference of Mr Gubbins, whose preference for the Police and Irregulars is strongly deprecated. Details the Force available at Lucknow. The Residency is to be the final stronghold. Lucknow can hold out a month, but no time should be lost in sending aid. Asks for news, the communications have been cut.

45. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 16 Jun 1857. Has received a letter of 14 Jun from General Wheeler, asking for 200 Europeans. Lawrence would send the men if he could see the smallest prospect of the force reaching Cawnpore. No one except Mr Gubbins thinks that a man would cross the river, as the enemy holds all the boats and completely commands the river. May God defend Cawnpore, for no help can be sent from Lucknow. In Lucknow positions are being daily strengthened, and supplies increased. All the outposts are gone and the enemy is said to be closing in, though as yet all is quiet in the City. Through the rest of the Province all is anarchy, the Talookdars are occupying the villages of which the summary settlement dispossessed them, and all men asserting their own rights.

46. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 19 Jun 1857. Has not heard from Agra or Calcutta for a fortnight. Hopes that some of his letters have arrived. All the outposts are gone, but he still holds the Lucknow Cantonment and City, and a small circle around. Daily the British expect to be besieged, and many of the military in Cantonment wish to be withdrawn. On the other hand Mr Gubbins wishes the small force of 200 Europeans, 4 guns, 100 sepoys and about 50 horse to be sent wherever there is talk of a gathering. It is a very great grief to Lawrence not to be able to help Cawnpore. If his force was stronger, the want of boats would still make it impracticable. But as it is the absence of 200 Europeans and 4 guns for a week would imperil the whole position. With care Lucknow can be defended so long as food remains and sickness holds off. Already 8 Europeans and some natives have died of cholera. Steamers can come to Fyzabad. News is anxiously awaited. Paper annexed: letter from Lawrence to Mr Court, or the Chief authority at Allahabad, 19 Jun, sending the above letter which he may read and pass on carefully to Calcutta. Asks for news. Is anxious to hear that Allahabad is quite safe. Asks for a copy of his note to be sent to the Governor General with the enclosed slip to his brother-in-law Dr Bernard, Penrith, England. Hardinge is well, but most of his men have gone. Wheeler repulsed two attacks on the 17th, and is said to have killed 300 of the enemy. Also annexed: another copy of Lawrence's letter to Canning of 19 Jun. Postscript added, that Lawrence has been ill, but has recovered, the troops are behaving very well, and that General Wheeler repulsed two attacks on the 17th with great loss to the enemy.

47. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 21 Jun 1857. Has a letter from General Wheeler dated 18 Jun, 10pm, stating that his supplies would hold out for another fortnight, that he had plenty of ammunition and that his guns were serviceable. The enemy's attacks had always been repulsed with loss, but Wheeler much needed assistance. Native troops are still reported to be assembling at Fyzabad and Dariabad with the intention of attacking Lucknow. At Lucknow the position is daily becoming stronger, though the loyal natives desert daily, and if Lucknow is besieged Lawrence fears that few if any will remain. This will be inconvenient as it will make more difficult the raising of a native force when the British are able to take the field. The Cantonment is still held, and the British can move 8 or 10 miles out if necessary; but with no trustworthy Cavalry and very few Artillerymen, a constant watch must be kept on the two positions in the City. If either place would hold all the people conveniently the other would have been abandoned. Sickness has to be guarded against as much as the enemy. If all goes well, and quickly, at Delhi and still more if Cawnpore holds out, Lawrence doubts if he will be besieged at all. The preparations alarm the enemy. It is a deep grief to Lawrence to be unable to help Cawnpore. Eight Europeans and some natives have died of cholera in the last fortnight. The general health is good, and the weather though hot is favourable to those not exposed. Lawrence is well. European troops moving above Allahabad should have guns with them, and also intelligent officers acquainted with the country. The detachment of Her Majesty's 84th came to Lucknow a fortnight ago with only cloth clothes. It is important to see that other troops coming up are properly dressed and cared for. News is anxiously awaited. Lawrence trusts that all the China troops are coming to India and that large indents have been made on England. Asks for a copy of this letter to be sent to his son Alexander, Penrith, England. The Gogra is navigable to Fyzabad or even Byramghat for steamers. Asks for notice of the route by which help will come.

48. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 24 Jun 1857. To Mr Tucker, sends a copy of a letter sent in duplicate to Allahabad, omitting the entreaties for aid to General Wheeler at Cawnpore. No exertion should be spared to send Europeans to Lucknow; 1,000 Infantry with 100 Artillerymen will enable them to take the field. Every day and every hour is of consequence. Care should be taken to feed and clothe the Europeans properly, and to give them as little exposure as possible. Copy of letter to Mr Court, asking for news. The men are well and comfortable in Lucknow, but are threatened by the mutineers from several directions. Lawrence is anxious for Cawnpore, which he cannot possibly aid. Asks for a cossid every other day. Has heard that the British troops are before Delhi, and have beaten the enemy. No doubt the City of Delhi is now in British hands, and in a few weeks all will be comparatively settled. But Oudh is the home of ¾ of the rebels already thousands are in Oudh, and the runaways from Delhi may come to Oudh and in desperation may attack Lucknow and Cawnpore. A single European regiment and Company of European Artillery would enable Lawrence to take the field. Asks for this letter to be sent to Government and a copy to his son. The health of the troops generally is well, Lawrence is well. Asks for speedy aid for Cawnpore. Lawrence is doing what he can to get supplies for Wheeler by offering large prices and large rewards, but fears he will not succeed. Has authentic news of 7 or 8 regiments advancing against Lucknow, now 20 miles off. Lucknow may be besieged in 48 hours, there should be no delay in sending aid. 500 Infantry and 4 guns with 200 Native Infantry or Police would be safe under an intelligent officer. Addressed to Mr Tucker or the Chief Civil Authority in Benares.

49. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 26 Jun 1857. To Lieutenant Colonel Neill or Officer Commanding at Allahabad. Lawrence has received Neill's letter of the 20th. All is well in Lucknow, though some 10 regiments with a good many guns are collecting 18 miles off with the avowed intention of attacking. This they will hardly do, though they may try and plunder the more distant parts of the City. They wisely collect at distances beyond a long march otherwise they would have been attacked by 300 Europeans and 4 guns, which can always be spared for one day at a time, so long as Lucknow is not actually besieged. Delhi City was captured by the British on the 14th, when the rebels took refuge in the Palace. This will have an immense effect on the country. Lawrence sends the news to Allahabad as the Cawnpore road is closed. He fears that General Wheeler is in extremity, though Lawrence has been making every indirect effort to help him. Hopes that 500 Europeans and 4 guns have been sent up. The very news of their approach will probably relieve Wheeler as there is great dissension in the rebel camp. To help him (Wheeler) aid must be sent quickly. Officers well acquainted with the country should be sent with the troops, and every precaution taken to save them from the heat. The detachment of the 84th sent to Lucknow had no light clothing or capcovers. Now that Delhi has been taken Native Irregulars may be enlisted. Not less than 400 Europeans and 4 Guns should move together as long as the Nana's force is in strength at Cawnpore. Hindus should be employed as Irregulars rather than Mussulmen. Some Irregulars should accompany the Europeans, to save them from fatigues. Care should be taken against treachery on approaching Cawnpore, the Nana is a Mahratta and adept in deceit. All was quiet at Mynpoorie, Agra, and Etawah, on the 17th and now that Delhi is taken affairs will doubtless improve. Asks for exact numbers of loyal troops at Allahabad, Benares and Dinapore. This letter is to be sent to the Governor General and its purport by telegraph. It is also to be shown to Mr Chester and Mr Court, who are asked to write to Lawrence, who wants full particulars of the events of the last 20 days. The runaways from Delhi will come in thousands to Oudh, where there must already be hardly less than 100,000. Has no fears for Lucknow, but until another European regiment is sent order cannot be introduced into the Province, where there is chaos in all directions. Two columns of 500 Europeans each would soon put matters right, but every day's delay adds to the difficulties. Asks for a copy of this letter to be sent to his son. Asks for his cossids to be given no more than 10 or 20 Rupees.

50. Letter from Sir H Lawrence, Lucknow, 30 Jun 1857. To Mr Tucker or the Chief Authority in Benares, sending a copy of a letter to Brigadier Havelock. The position is now very critical and speedy aid must be sent. Asks for the news to be telegraphed to Allahabad and to Calcutta. Copy of a letter from Lawrence to Brigadier Havelock, reporting that on the morning of the 30th the British moved out 8 miles to meet the enemy, where they were defeated and lost 5 guns through the misconduct chiefly of the native Artillery, many of whom deserted. The enemy has followed up the retreating British, who have been besieged for 4 hours, and will probably be surrounded in the night. The enemy is very bold and the Europeans very low. The position now is 10 times as bad as it was before, and very critical. The Garrison will have to concentrate its forces if this is possible, and abandon many supplies and blow up much powder. Unless they are relieved in 15 or 20 days they will hardly be -able to maintain their position. Names three officers killed and several wounded. Sir Henry Lawrence's signature has been cut out from the original letter to Mr Tucker.