Mss Eur Mack Private 2

p. i: Java Collection - Political, Statistical & Historical-Country of Solo or Sooracarta [=Surakarta] - The Soosoohoonan [=Susuhunan] or Emperor of Java.-1811 to 1817.

1, pp. 1-6: Batavia, 25 October 1811. Copy. Letter of general instructions from J. Eckford, Acting Secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor of Java [T. S. Raffles], to Lieut.-Colonel [Alexr] Adams on proceeding to his appointment as Resident, Solo [=Surakarta]. Contains suggestions as to retrocession of annexed territory, reforms in revenue farms, restriction of opium importation, &c. A letter of even date to John Crawfurd, appointed Resident, Jokyakarta, and identical (mutatis mutandis) in its general purport and language with the above, but with special directions as to the particular circumstances of Jokyakarta, is printed (with some omissions) in Van Deventer, Het Nederlandsch Gezag over Java en Onderhoorrigheden sedert 1811 (‘s Gravenhage, 1891), le Deel; pp. 307-9.

2, pp. 7-10: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 24 September 1811. Memorial concerning the state of the existing relations between the Court of Souracarta [=Surakarta] and the former [Dutch] Government. By T. A. van Braam, Dutch Minister to that Court. Copy. Translated from the Dutch. Defines the powers and duties of the Emperor [=Susuhunan], First [Native] Minister and Dutch Minister, with particular reference to internal administration, revenue, delivery of pepper and coffee at fixed prices, succession to the throne, relations with the Dutch Government, interests of Europeans, Chinese and other strangers, criminal jurisdiction, troops, &c.; Suggests the advisability of maintaining the same under the British Government, and explains the status of Prince Ario Praboe Prangwedono [= Ariya Prabu Prang Wĕdana] [see 5 infra].

3, p. 11: Copy of the 24th Article of the Contract of the year 1792 between the Dutch Govt & the Sultan of Djoijocarta [=Jokyakarta]. Translated from the Dutch. Prescribes the homage to be paid on behalf of the Sultan of Java [i.e., of Jokyakarta] and the Soosoohonang [=Susuhunan of Surakarta] by their respective First [Native] Ministers and other chief officers to the Governor-General on his appointment at Batavia or (by special permission) Samarang [= Sĕmarang].

4, pp. 13-16: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 6 January 1811, ratified 20 January 1811. Contract between the Dutch Government . . . and the Soesoehoenang, Pakoe, Boeana [original has Cocana], Senopaty, Ingalaga, Abdoer rack man, Saidin, Panotagomo [=Susuhunan Pakubuwana Senapati Ingalaga Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama], the Fourth. . . . . Copy. Translated from the Dutch. Contains readjustment of territorial boundaries and financial matters, provisions as to navigation, forts, roads, bridges, &c. The Dutch original is printed in Staat der Nederlandsche Costindische Bezittingen, onder het Bestuur van den Gouverneur-Generaal Herman Willem Daendels . . . in de Jaren 1808 -1811 (1814), Bijlagen, 2e Stuk, Additionele Stukken, No. 27.

5, pp. 17-28: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 3 December 1811 [original has 1814]. Copy of a Secret memoir to the Honble. T. S. Raffles, Esqre - Memoir [by Lieut.-Colonel Alexr. Adams, Resident, Solo] for the Honble Mr Raffles [Lieut.-Governor of Java] respecting the relations which appear to Lieutt Colonel Adams adviseable to be kept with the Court of Solo. Suggests answers to certain requests made by the Susuhunan relating to revenue, ceremonial, &c., but also including a claim to have jurisdiction over resident Chinese, recommends provision to be made for Prince Prangwedono [see 2 supra], and comments generally on 2 supra.

6, pp. 29-39: Samarang [=Samarang], 6 December 1811. Copy. Letter of Secret and political instructions from the Honble. T. S. Raffles, Lieut.-Governor of Java, to Lieut.Colonel [Alexr] Adams, Resident, Souracarta [=Surakal'ta], regarding the treaty to be made with the Emperor of Solo [=Susuhunan of Surakarta]. Deals in detail with the Susuhunan's requests referred to in 5 supra and other matters relating to Surakarta, especially the opium revenue.

7, pp. 41-5: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 23 December 1811. Treaty of Perpetual Friendship & alliance, between the Honorable English East India Company & his Highness the SoosoohConan Pakoobooana Senopatty Ingalaga AbdCol-Rehman Sahidin Pangnatagama [=Susuhunan Pakubuwana Senapati Ingalaga Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama] the Fourth . . . . Copy. 17 articles embodying final 2 conclusions on matters referred to in preceding papers. The principal changes were the freeing of trade by the abolition of forced delivery of produce to the Government at fixed prices, and certain retrocessions of territory to the Susuhunan (taken from him by the treaty of 10 January 1811). Printed, but with some verbal variations (e.g., in art. 4, 12,000 Sp. Ds. For 120,000) in Van Deventer, Het Nederlandsch Gezag over Java en Onderhoorigheden sedert 1811 (‘s Gravenhage, 1891), 1e deel, pp. 314-7 (note). A Dutch version (without the title and preamble and rather abbreviated) is printed in H. D. Levyssohn Norman, De Britsche Heerachappij over Java en Onderhoorigheden (1811-1816), ('s Gravenhage, 1857), pp. 67-9.

8, pp. 49-52: Buitenzorg [original has Bartinzey], 9 March 1812. Copy. Letter from Thomas Clode, Assistant Secretary to Government [of Java], Secret Department, to Colonel [Alexr] Adams, Resident, Souracarta [=Surakarta], respecting the line of policy to be observed with regard to the SoosoohConan [=Susuhunan] and a reference allowed to the Civil Commissioner at Samarang [=Semarang]. In spite of certain irregular actions on the part of the Susuhunan, a conciliatory policy is laid down, and no hostile measures to be contemplated, particularly in view of the doubtful loyalty of Jokyakarta.

9, pp. 53-5: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 20 March 1812. Copy. Letter from Colonel Alexr Adams, Resident, Souracarta [=Surakarta], to the Honble. T. S. Raffles, Lieut.Governor of Java, in reply to 8 supra and other correspondence, as to the character and conduct of the Court of Solo. Complains of the difficulty of getting into touch with the Susuhunan and his chiefs.

10, pp. 57-61: Copy. Draft Treaty with Djocjocarta [=Jokyakarta] (made after the expedition against that place and the fall of Sultan Hamungkubuana [=Hamĕngkubuwana] the Second), delegating the administration of the country of Mataram, subject to certain reservations, to Sultan Hamungkubuana [=Hamĕngkubuwana] the Third. 22 articles. A marginal note observes that this treaty was "not acted on." It provided for a subsidiary Military force to be kept up by the British Govermnent at the expense of the Sultan, cession to the British Government of the districts, of Cadoe [=Kĕdu], Grobogan, Jepang [=Jipang], Japan [=Japara ?], and Pachitan, abolition of forced delivery of produce, torture, mutilation, &.c., cession of all teak timber and certain revenue monopolies, rectification of frontiers with the Susuhunan's territory, &c. This is not identical with (but appears to have led up to) the treaty printed in Van Deventer, Het Nederlandsch Gezag over Java en Onderhoorigheden sedert 1811 (‘s Gravenhage, 1891), 1e Deel, pp. 321-6. Cf. H. D. Levyssohn Norman, De Britsche Heerschapij over Java en Onderhoorigheden (1811-1816), ('s Gravenhage, 1857), pp. 72-4; Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind., s.v.v. Java (Geschiedenis), p. 129, Vorstenlanden, pp. 592 seqq.

11 pp. 65-70: Copies of the Secret Correspondence between the Courts of Solo [=Surakarta] & Djocjo [=Jokyakarta]. [1812]. Abstracts of 13 letters about their affairs and prospects, except the last one, which is from the Soosoohonan [=Susuhunan] to the Lieut.-Governor, requesting that after his death his son may succeed him, with the same privileges. This correspondence was an infringement of art. 9 of the Susuhunan's treaty [7 supra].

12, pp. 73-6: Solo, 10 •July 1812. Minutes of a Conversation with His Highness the SoosoohConan [=Susuhunan]; by H. Hope. Copy. Regarding recent intrigues and correspondence with the Court of Djocja [=Jokyakarta], and claiming the giving up to the British Government of all persons concerned therein and payment of 200,000 dollars compensation for expenses incurred by Government in preparing an expedition against Solo.

13, pp. 77-80: Souracarta [=Surakarta], 12 July 1812. Copy. Letter [from H. Hope] to the Honble. T. S. Raffles, Lieut.-Governor of Java, as to the conversation recorded in 12 supra, detailing the same particulars, and stating also that the Susuhunan agrees to disband his troops (except a bodyguard of 1,000), allow establishment of a subsidiary force and interference of British Government in his judicial and revenue establishments, and cede the districts of Blora, Wirosobo [=Wirasaba] and some part of Cadoe [=Kĕdu].

14, pp. 81-2: [N.d. but contemporary with 12 and 13 supra]. Draft of Preliminary Treaty with His Highness the Susuhunan. Copy. 7 arts. embodying the points of 12 and 13 supra.

15, pp. 85-90: 1 August 1812 (ratified 2 October 1813). Definitive Treaty between the British Govt & His Highness the Soosoohoonan [=Susuhunan].Copy. 22 arts. making (mutatis mutandis) much the same provisions as 10 supra, and embodying the points of 12-14 supra. Printed (in English) in Van Deventer, Het Nederlandach Gezag over Java en Onderhoorigheden sedert 1811 ('s Gravenhage,1891), 1 e Deel, pp. 327-31.

16, pp. 91-126: Javanese Antiquities. Includes:- (a) pp. 91-101, 106-23: Pen and ink sketches (numbered 1 to 22) of specimens of architecture and sculpture (largely phallic), mainly from Sookhoo [=Sukoh], Boro Bodho [=Bara (or Boro) Budur], Banyumas and Cadu [=Kĕdu]. Cf 82. 1. (c) infra. (b) pp. 103-4: A transcript of an old Javanese inscription from Sookooh [=Sukoh], with an attempt at a Javanese and Malay interpretation (dated 29 June 1815) - see Catalogues of Javanese and Malay MSS.; and (c) pp. 125-6: A short Description of the Temple of Sookhoo [=Sukoh], with references to the sketches. Another copy is in 82. 1 (b) infra. (Cf. 18 infra). One of the sketches from Sukoh (p. 119) is figured in Crawfurd, History of the Indian Archipelago (1820), Vol. II., facing p. 195. For the literature on the above-named places, see Verhand. V. h. Bat. Gen. v. K. en W. (1891), Deel XLVI, especially pp. 111, 144-7, 158, 195-8.

17, pp. 127:-9: Account of the Mud Fountains or Bludugs [=blĕdug] of Kahoo [=Kuwu], Grobogun [=Grobogan], the salt lake; mud hillock and boiling pools of Ramsam, and the medicinal salt spring of Callee Kurbo [=Kali Kĕbo], Maya. Cf. Encycl. v. N ed.-Ind., a.v. Grobogan.

18, pp. 131-45: Account of Suku [ Sukoh] & Chettock [= Chĕta] Temples near Solo, totally different from any others yet discovered on the Island of Java. By Lieutenant Williams. Detailed descriptions (including the sculptures) of these temples: Sukoh (pp. 131-42), Chĕta (pp. 143-5). Cf. 16 Supra.

19, pp. 147-50: Short sketch of the traditional history of Java from the commencement of the Javanese Era, with prophecies of the future up to the year A. Jav. 2100, "when the day of destruction is to arrive & Java to become desolute & uninhabited as at first." Translated from the Malay. Written A. Jav. 1743=A.D. 1816. Cf. 31 infra, which does not, however, always agree exactly in the dates. Cf. also, generally, Raffles, Hist. of Java (1817), Vol. II, pp. 65 seqq. Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Arch., Vol. II, pp. 293 seqq.

20, pp. 151-2: - April 1818, 20 May 1818. Two lists of the fields of the SConan of Souracarta [=Susuhunan of Surakarta]. Translated from the Malay. The, areas are reckoned in terms of the chachah or kario. The totals vary from 76,468 3/4 to 80,128.

21, p. 153: The reckoning of months & years called Kooroob [=huruf, "letters "]. . . . . Translated from the Malay of 22 infra (p. 158). A system of numbers to assist in finding out the day of the week on which the first day of the new moon in each Javanese (Muhammadan) month falls. The•name refers to the 8-year cycle or windu in which the years bear certain letters of the Arabic alphabet; see Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind;, s.v. Tijdrekening.

22, pp:157-8: Batavian Malay texts in Roman characters, wiyh some explanatory interlineations in English, on certain points of native custom, etiquette, folklore, &c;, including on p. 158 the original of 21 supra, the last paragraph of which is followed by an English translation. See Catalogue of Malay MSS.

23, pp. 159-60: Short account of some rebels of Solo [=Surakarta] "in the time of Governor Palm," viz., Praboe [=Prabu] Larro, Alim Demmak and Tanjong Annom, and their fate. Translated from the Malay.

24, p. 160: Regarding the Shares of Villages, & the Cultivation of Paddy. Short note regarding the sharing of the crops between the paddy [=rice] cultivators and the landowners, and as to the liability of landless persons to pay taxes or perform compulsory labour. Translated from the Malay. 25, pp. 161-4: Short historical account of Java, beginning with the adoption of Senopattie [=Senapati] by the first Sultan of Padjong [=Pajang] and his establishment as King of Java at Mataram, and ending with the establishment of the Sultanate of Joija [=Jokyakarta] [A.D. 1758]. A fragment, as the beginning plunges in medias res, probably translated from Malay or Javanese. Cf. Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Arch., Vol. II, pp. 321-69; Raffles, Hist. of Java (1817), Vol. II, pp. 142-228.

26, pp. 165-6: Short account of the rebel Truna [=Taruna] Jaya's surrender and death [A.D. 1679]. Cf. Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Arch., Vol. II, pp. 348-51 ; Raffles, Hist. of Java (1817), Vol. II, pp. 169-72.

27, pp. 167-8: Short account of two rebels, Raja Namrud and Mas Dono.

28, pp. 169-70: Short notice of some antiquities, temples, &c., at Toeban [=Tuban], Koedoos [=Kudus], Damak [=Dĕmak], &c., particularly the tombs of the Susuhunans. Translated from the Dutch.

29, p. 173: Two short Batavian Malay texts in Roman characters. See Catalogue of Malay MSS. The translation of the first text is given in 36 infra (p. 224 of this volume), q. v. It concerns a woman named Embok Lorra Soontrang. That of the second (on Land Measures) in 36 infra (p. 214).

30, pp. 175-7: List of Javanese titles and proper names of persons, with explanations of their meanings. Translated from the Dutch. E.g.," Wira Taroena [=Wira Taruna], a valiant youth. . . . Sooria [= Surya] Nagara, the Sun of the country. . . . Taroena Djaya [=Taruna Jaya], a young conqueror or a triumphant youth."

31, pp. 179-88: Chronology of Java from the beginning of the Javanese Era to A. Jav.1743 [=A.D. 1816]. Translated from the Malay. Cf. Raffles, Hist. of Java (1817), Vol. II, pp. 231-9. But there are differences in the earlier dates (which are quite untrustworthy), and Raffles data are in general much fuller but extend only to A. Jav. 1692. Cf. also 19 supra and 11. cc. there, and also 23. 2, 3 infra.

32, p.191: Carta Sura [=Kartasura], 16 Rabi'u-r-akhir 1744 (A.D. 1817). Translation of letter from Pangeran Aria Praboo [=Prabu] Prang Wedono [= Wĕdana] to Major Johnston and Captain Hart thanking them for their respective presents of 10,900 cheroots and a dog, and sending two images in return. Translated from the Javanese.

33, pp. 193-8: Points of Enquiry - Circular of the Honble [T. S. Raffles] the Lieutt Governor [of Java.] Containing 3 questions as to the circumstances and consequences of the eruption of Sambuwa [=Sumbawa] in April 1815, with answers fully describing the effects as observed in Surakarta. Copy. The reference is to the eruption of Mt. Tambora, which was not previously known to be a volcano. Cf. Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind., s.v. Soembawa, and for further details see the contemporary accounts embodied in Narrative of the effects of the eruption from the Tomboro Mountain, in the Island of Sumbawa, on the 11th and 12th of April 1815 in Verhand. v. h. Bat. Genoots. v. Kunsten en Wetenschappen (1816), 8e Deel, pp. 341 seqq.

34, p. 201: Djocjo [=Jokyakarta], 27 May 1816. Copy. Letter from J. Crawford [=Crawfurd] to -- Johnson regarding the Wucu [=wuku, a division of the Javanese calendar]. Cf. Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Arch., Vol. I, pp. 293-5, Raffles, Hist. of Java (1817), Vol. I, pp. 475-6, and Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind., s.v. Tijdrekening.

35, p. 203: Djocjo [=Jokyakarta], 3 May 1816. Copy. Letter from J. Crawford [= Crawfurd] to -- Johnson, referring to certain antiquarian objects (cups, drawings, and maps), and explaining the words caryo [= kariyo] and chachah, with reference to the quantity of land which a man (with an average family) is capable of cultivating.

36, pp. 205-28: Miscellaneous Memoranda & Notes [made] at the Court of Solo or Souracarta [=Surakarta] on the susuuhunan's Family, Establishments, Civil & Military Forces, Revenues &c &c and Customs of the Court and People apparently in 1813 to 1816. pp. 205-6: Names and titles of the Susuhunan, his family and relations; p. 207: Susuhunan's income and Government revenue; p. 208: Toll ports; p. 209: Troops; p. 211: Population Table; p. 213: Umbrellas of State used by various ranks, of different colours, described; .p. 214: Ranks; pp. 214-15: Land Measures (translated from 29 supra, q.v.); p. 215: Prices of Paddy, Rice, and Buffaloes; p. 215: Division of Produce between the owner and the village officials entitled to shares; p. 216: Rents and division of Produce as between Landlord and Cultivator; pp. 217-18: Exports and imports (no amounts stated); p. 219: Days of the Week, with Javanese and Malay equivalents; also of the Market Week; p. 221: Weapons of the Regalia; p. 223: Superstitions, Customs, &c. (parts of this cover the same ground as 22 supra and appear to be derived from the same source, but it includes other matter and is not a direct translation); p. 224 :Prevalence of Goitre at Pandantoyo, in the Eastern part of Kedierie [=Kĕḍiri]; p. 224: Javanese tradition as to the origin of the Javanese Era; p. 224: Short account of a woman named Embok Lorro SContrang who in 789 [sic: probably A.D. 1789] set up as a dispenser of charity at Penging [=Pĕngging?] and was in consequence slain with her followers by the Emperor (translated from 29 supra, q.v.); p. 225: Cardinal Points and Days of the Javanese Market Week (cf; Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Arch., Vol. I., pp. 290-1; Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind., s.v. Tijdrekening); pp. 226-8: List of Javanese [Muhammadan] Months [in the Javanese Year] 1744, A.D. 1817, and List of Festivals extracted from an Almanac for the same Year [really A. Jav. 1743-4=A.D. 1816, it would seem from the Table in. Encycl. v. Ned.-Ind., s. v. Tijdrekening].