Mss Eur Mack Private 5

p. i: Collection of Laws, Regulations, and Instructions for the Administration of Justice in Java.- Collected in Java from different authorities in 1811, 1812, & 1813 by Colin Mackenzie.

pp. iii-iv: Table of Contents.

1, pp. 1-6: Samarang [=Sĕmarang], 13 December 1811. Copy. Letter from J. A. van Middelkoop, to T. S. Raffles, Lieut.-Governor of Java, on the Laws and Institutions observed in Java. Explains (paragraph 1) the constitution of the courts at that time having jurisdiction over the native inhabitants; (paragraph 2) the absence of instructions, except for the Court of Sĕmarang [see 2 infra]; (paragraph 3) the non-existence of any Dutch treatise on Javanese law, (except certain abstracts, as to which see infra), recourse being had to native treatises (Mogharaer, Moghalie, and Kitap Tophaur [=Rāfirs Muḥarrar; al-Maḥalli's commentary on the Minḥāj-al-T̤alibin; and Kitāb Tuḥfah, see 8-10. &c., infra]), with occasional reference to special directions when native law was inadequate or deemed contrary to natural justice. Encloses copies of an old Javanese law book [presumably 11 infra], and recommends the introduction of revised law books. Translated from the Dutch. On the Muḥarrar cf. Niemann, Inleiding tot de kennis van den Islam (1861), pp. 364 seqq. Cf. also Veth, Java (1907), 4e De\el, p. 162.

2, pp. 7-12 : Instruction for the Country Court at Samarang [=Sĕmarang]. 13 articles regulating constitution, jurisdiction, procedure, execution of sentences, disposal of confiscated goods, remuneration of court officers, &c., and the oath of office of the president and members. Translated from the Dutch of 12 & 30 infra.

3, pp. 13-16: Order for the Fiscal of the Country Court [of Sĕmarang]. 10 articles regulating the conduct and powers of the fiscal [=Government law officer] in his office. Translated from the Dutch of 12 & 30 infra.

4, pp. 17-18 : Oath for the Fiscal of the Country Court [of Sĕmerang]. To see that justice is done, not to commit extortion, not to compound offences (except in such trivial cases where it is lawful), &c. Translated from the Dutch of 12 & 80.

5, pp. 18-20 : Ordre for the Sworn Scriba [=clerk] and Javan Secretary [of the Court of Sĕmarang]. 8 articles, principally as to the keeping of registers, disposal of confiscated goods, the share of these court officers in the penalties recovered, and their conduct generally. Translated from the Dutch of 12 & 30 infra.

6, pp. 21-2 : Oath for the Scriba [=clerk] and Secretary of the Country court [of Sĕmarang]. Translated from the Dutch of 12 & 30 infra.

7, pp. 22-5 : Ordre for the respective Jaxas [=Jaksas, native judicial officials] of the Lands and Districts belonging to the Compiny. 7 articles, giving them power to determine ' minor ' disputes but not serious crimes (of which notice is to " be given to the Javanese Secretary of the Court ” of Sĕmarang), nor mixed cases (i.e., where the parties are not exclusively Javanese). Translated• from the Dutch of 12 & 30 infra.

8, pp: 27-47 : Compendium of the principal Java, laws drawn out of the Mahometan' Lawbook Mogharaer [=Muḥarrar], and Composed as much as possible according to the 'Godly Natural and Civil right; in su'ch manner that right, and justice can be executed agreable to the same, without prejudicing the Javanese Customs and habits. Translated (with omission of articles vii, viii," and' xii) from' the Dutch of 12 ,& 30 infra. For contents see 30 infra.

9, pp. 51-74 : Compendium of the principal Civil Laws &: Customs, according to which the Javanees and other Mahometans regulate themselves, in the deciding of disputes arising amongst them, so with regard to successions, heritages and estates, item their Marriages and Divorces. Collected out of the Mahometan law books Mogharner [=Muḥarrer] and Moghalie [=Maḥalli's commentary on the Minḥāj-al-T̤alibin], according to the accounts of the Priests and Native Chiefs. Articles 1-67-Succession; 68-106-Marriage and Divorce ; finally 7 articles, separately numbered, on Adultery. Translated from the Dutch. It is the same work as 17 infra, which, however, lacks the first 4 and last 7 articles. The latter are from 30 infra.

10, pp. 75-142 : Translation of an Extract from the Kitab Toogvah [=Ar. Tuḥfah, av. Tuhpah]; concerning punishments to be inflictied for vaious crimes and Misdemeanours, which said Bookwas compiled from Alcordan by Toewan Cheik I Benoe Hadjar [=Tuan Shaikh Ibnu Hajar] in the year Ninehundred and fifty eight after the Arabian Chronology or Aera [=A.D. 1544].160articles. Headed Capital Punishment, but this only applies to the first few articles. Articles 1-25 comprises Murder and Manslaughter. Articles 26-74 are headed The Punishments assigned to Cutting, Stabbing, Wounding and Beating, and include various cases 5 of bodily hurt, whether resulting in death or otherwise; article 73 contains directions to the judge in cases where a charge of murder is brought; article 74, the procedure to be followed when a dead body is found in a small village, whose inhabitants formerly lived in enmity with the deceased. Articles 75 seqq. are headed Punishment for High Treason, Profonation of the Graves [sic], Theft and other lesser crimes, but include provisions of the most miscellaneous kind, both of criminal and what we should call civil law. Thus article 89 (pp. 110-12) deals at length with the number and kind of withesses essential in different kinds of cases; article 93 provides that in case of conflict of evidence possession shall constitute a good title to goods; articles 100 seqq. deal with damage done by animals; articles 113 seqq. with buying and selling; articles 155 seqq. with lending and pawning; articles 150 seqq. With estates of deceased debtors and insolvents, &c., &c. The cases dealt with are usually quite specific, e.g., article 106, A man holding a Cow or Buffaloe tied by a Rope and the Animal getting loose, damages the garden or property of an other, he is not bound to make indemnification." Presumably translated from the Dutch. At the end appear in the same hand the words “ (A True Copy) J. Eckford, ' Asst Secretary to Govt ". As to the Javanese versions of this (originally Arabic) work, see A. Q. Vreede, Catalogus van de Javaansche en Madoereesche Handschriften der Leidsche Universiteits-Bibliotheek, pp. 350-3; S. Keijzer, Kitab Toehpah, Javaansch-Mohammedaansch Wetboek, 's Grav., 1853; T. Roorda, Een Jav. handboek voor het Moh. regt Leiden, 1874; and for an analysis of the contents see S. Keijzer, Mohammedaansch Strafregt naar Arabische, Javaansche en Maleische bronnen, 's Grav., 1857, and J. de Blaauw and S. Keijzer in Bijdr. tot de T.-, L.- en Volkenkunde van Ned.-Ind. (1862), Nieuwe Volgreeks, Vierde Deel, pp. 343 seqq. The whole work comprises 359 articles.

11, pp. 143-66 : Compendium of the old Javanees Laws, which were used before the Coming of Sjech Amoelahna [=Shaikh Maulana] at Java abstracted out of the Gongaloengang Boedo Tjeneenang or Holtius [?] lekewise named Negoro Krommo [=Nĕgara Krama]. 69 articles, of a miscellaneous description. Article 1 deals with the manner of taking oaths, 2 gives the scale of penalties applicable to different ranks, from a subordinate regent (40 dollars or 48,000 kippings= Mal. kĕping) to a slave (2 amas), 3-6-insults and assaults, 7-11-theft, 12-20-murder and manslaughter, 21-6 -adultery, 27-9-divorce, 30-wrongful suits, 31-4-dealing in stolen goods, &c., 35-marriage of a free woman with a slave, 36-recovery of stolen cattle, and so forth. Article 68 provides that two women are to be deemed equal to one man, in giving evidence; article 69 provides for the share to be given to the local chief when a buffalo is slaughtered. Translated (presumably from the Dutch).

12, pp. 183-220 : Compendium der Voornaamste Javasche, Wetten, &c. MS. copy of 30 infra, q.v., for the full title and contents of the first part (top. 208). For the rest of the contents (pp. 208-20) see 2-7 supra. A pencilled heading on p. 181 styles it "Compendium of The Javanese Law in Dutch. Copied at Surabaya from a MS in the possession of & signed by Mr. [?, name indecipherable]-April 1812." Ends with the instructions to the Jaksas (=7 supra). The Dutch original of 2~8 supra, though the order is different.

13, pp. 220-4 : Extract uit de Generaale Resolutie des Casteels batavia genoomen in Raade van Indien op den 14e Januarij 1752. Preamble and 8 sections of an ordinance on Marriage and Divorce of Hindus (" Jentiven "). Printed s. v. " Wettigheid van Jentiefsche huwelijken-Echtscheiding onder 'Jentieven,'" in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1889), 6e Deel, pp. 164-6.

14, pp. 225-6 : Extract uijt de generaale Resolutien des Kasteels Batavia genoomen in Raade van Indie op den 7e 9ber: [=November] 1754. Orders an enquiry into native law for the purpose of recording it in writing, with particular reference to the contents of 17 infra.

15, pp. 226-8 : Extract uijt het door hunne Hoog Edelheeden geEmaneerd placcaat van den 13e December 1754. Secs. 8-10 only of a public proclamation; 8 refers to the same matter as 14 supra, 9 gives directions as to giving official notice of native marriages, 10• forbids the circumcision according to Muhammadan custom of the children of slaves of Christian masters.

16, pp. 228-9 : Extract uijt de generaale Resolutie des Casteels batavia genoomen in Raade van Indie op den 24e Februarij 1756. Orders further enquiry into native and Chinese law, to be conducted by the Heeren Raaden Extra ordinair [=extraordinary members of Council] Van de Velde and de Klerk.

17, pp. 231-53 : Compendium der voor Naamste Civile Wettens en Gewoontens, waar na de Mahometaanen zig in het decideerede der onder hen opkoomende verschillen reguleeren; ten op zigte van de Successien, erf- en besterffenissen, item hunne huwelijken en Egtscheydinigen by Een verzameld uijt het Mahometaansche Wetboek, volgens de opgave der Priesters ert Inlandsche Hoofden, om onderhouden te Werden, daar En Zo het behoort. Copy. 102 articles. The same work as 9 supra, but lacking the first 4 and last 7 articles there given. Therefore the remaining articles are differently numbered. At the end appears" Geapprobeert in Raade van India den 25sten Maart, Anno 1760." Printed s.v. "Compendium del' voornaamste Mahomedaansche wetten en gewoonten nopens erfenissen, huwelijken en echtscheidingen" (p. 392) in Van del' Ohijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1890), 7e Deel, pp. 393-407.

18, pp. 253-5 : Extract uyt de Generaale Resolutien des Casteels Batavia Genoomen in Raade van Indie op den 25 Maart 1760. Recites, i.a., the enquiry referred to in 14-16 supra, and approves 17 supra. Printed in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1890).7e Deel, pp. 392-3.

19, pp. 255-9 : Extract Resolutie van den : February 1717. On Chinese marriage law, arising out of 20 infra, which is approved, and embodying 21 infra, which is ordered to be published.

20, pp. 259-64: Extract uijt de Generaale Ressolutien des Casteels Batavia Genoomen in Raade van Indie op den 26 Januarij 1717. Recites the presentation of a petition to Governor-General hristoffel van Zwoll [=Swoll] and the members of the Council of Netherlands India by the Chinese headmen and others regarding their marriage laws and the confusion prevailing in connexion therewith.

21, pp. 264-7: Billet, van weegens den Gouverneur Generaal Christoffel van-Swoll en de Raaden van India [at enq.] "Gegeven in het Casteel Batavia of den 31 Maart 1717." Copy. Rescript in reply to 20 supra, prescribing notice of Chinese marriages and 'prohibiting arbitrary separation or divorce. The operative part (with abbreviated recital of the facts leading up to it) is printed s.v. " Voorschriften nopens huwelijken en echtscheidingen onder Chinezen te Batavia " in Van der Chijs, N ederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1887), 4e Deel, pp. 98-5.

22, pp. 267-95 : Batavia, 21 February 1761. Copy. Letter in Dutch from R. de Klerk [Extraordinary member of Council] to Governor-General Jacob Mossel and the members of the Council of Netherlands India on Chinese law. After an introductory notice of the chief subject matters of Chinese law, pp. 272-95 contain 57 articles, drawn up and signed by P[ieter] Hacksteen, headed Chinas Recht, with marginal observations on many of the articles, dealing with Chinese family law, inhedtance succession, adoption, &c' , The following are the sub-headings :-Over Article 1-Mannen en vrouwen en derzelver onderscheid; 5-Maagschap wettig of onwettig Gebooren; 8-Meerdel jarige. en mander jarige mondige en onmondige ; 11-Magt der ouderen over de kinderen ; 15-Huwelijken ; 24-overspel ; 25-Egtscheijding ; 26-Voogdij en Voogden ; 34-Boedel Recht en Erff'enis; 36-Uiterste Wille & hoe deselve bestaan ; 41-Erflating en Wie men mag en moet tot Erfgenaam stellen ; 45-Legaten ; 46-Versterfs Regt en deszelfs verdeeling ; 51-Adoptie. The 57 articles, together with the marginal notes, are printed s.v." Chinaas recht" in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, .(1890), 7e Deel, pp. 476-90.

23, pp. 299-321: Chinas Regt. Copy. Contains the same 57 articles as 22 supra, but without the marginal notes and, introductory matter; it also occasionally varies slightly in verbiage.

24, pp. 321-2 : Extract uijt de Generaale resolutien des Casteels batavia genoomen in Raade van Indien op den, 2. Meij 1761. Orders 22 supra to be brought to the notice of the Courts.

25, pp. 322-6 : Extract uijt de Generaale Resolutien des Casteels Batavia genoomen in Raade van Indie op den 23 Meij 1766. On the proprietary rights of Chinese married Women and widows, particularly in relation to the claims of creditors of the husband, &c., embodying the views on the Chinese headmen on the subject. Printed s.v., '.' Aansprakelijkheid eener Chinesche vrouw voor de schulden van haren echtgenoot" in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatbook, 1602-1811, (1891), 8e Deel, pp. 130-2.

26, pp. 326-8: Extract Generale Ressolutien van den 25 -Julij 1766. On the case of Ni Poet-nia (or Ni Foetnio), a Chinese widow who turned Muhammadan and designed to marry her daughter to a Muhammadan. No order on the petition that she should be deprived of property inherited from her parents or prevented from carrying out her design; but for the future revives the proclamation (placaat) of 9 February 1717, forbidding Ohi~ese and Muhammadans from marrying out of their respective " nations " (natie). Extracts printed s.v. "Verbod voor Chinesche en . Mahomedaansche mannen en vrouwen ' buyten haare natie' te trouwen," in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 16.02-1811, (: 891), 8e Deel, p. 142.

27 (a) pp. 331-5: Batavia, 31 May 1754. Ordonnantie voor ,de Chineesen. Copy. An ordinance of 14 articles for the regulation of the Chinese residing in the town of Batavia. Printed s.v. "Reglement voor de Chinezen te Batavia" in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1889), 6e Deel, pp. 673-5. . . " (b) p. 335: Extract uijt de Generale Ressolutien des Casteels Batavia Genoomen in Raaden van Indie op den 25 augus(s) -1755 . . Fee of 50 to 100 rixdollars to be paid to the court on transporting corpses to China Tor burial. Printed in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1890), 7e Deel, p. 116. (c) pp. 335-59: Batavia, 21 November 1760. Instructie, bevallende de nodige ordres in de burgelijke Saamenleeving der Chineesen, in en buijten Batavia, om door dezelve nauwkeurig geobserveert te werden. Copy. 44 articles. An amplification of (a) supra with additional provisions applicable to Chinese residing outside the town of Batavia, with fuller prescriptions as to the duties of the Chinese headmen (capitain en luitenants) and further penal provisions. Printed s.v. "Voorschriften voor de burgerlijke samenleving van de Chinezen binnen het gebied van de O. I. Compagnie" in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indich Plakaatboek, 1602-1811,. (1890), 7(e) Deel, pp. 432-46.

28, pp. 359-60: Extract uijt de Notulen van het geresolveerde in veerde in Bade van Indie op den 28 Julij 1771. Permission to Nachoda [=nakhoda, " ship's captain "] Que Kien Koen, to take the corpse of his mate to China for burial.

29, pp. 307-83: Bijzondere Wetten Nopens de Verdeling der Besterfenissen bij de Inlandes. p.369: Bijsondere Wetten Aangaande Mooren of Mahomedhanen en andere Inlandsche Natien. Betreffende het Poinct van Successie mitsgaders alle Verdere Erffenissen en besterffenissen. Copy. 63 articles on Succession, identical with the first 63 of 17 supra.

30, pp. 389-447: Compendium der Voornaamste Javasche Wetten. [The first title in MS., all the rest is printed.] p. 391: Compendium der voornaamste Javasche Wetten, naeuwkeurig getrockcen uyt het Mahometaansche Wet-boek Mogharaer [=Muḥarrar], en, so veel mogelyc, met het Goddelyk- Natuur1lyk- en Brger-Regt, sodanig samen gebragt, dat daarna, ongekrenkt de Javasche Gewoontensen Gebruykelykheden, den Samarangsen Landraad over de Onderdaanen van’s Comps : Landen en Districten Regt en Justitie soude kunnen oeffenen, en de Crimineele Zaken Se wel als de Civile behandelen na de Poincten hier na volgende. Printed copy of 12 supra containing the Dutch originals of 2-8 supra. It is divided into articles I to XVIII, many of the articles being further divided into sections, and the whole being followed by an index (which is wanting in 12 supra). Article I: (1) Blasphemy, idolatry, (2) rejection of the prophets; 11 (1-4): Treason and disobedience to the authorities (Gequeste Maijestyt); III : Duty and Service (Pligt en Dienstbaarheyd), i.e., (1) negligence in carrying out orders of the authorities, (2) omission to give notice of mutiny ; IV : Sacrilege (Kerken-roof), including offences against the clergy ; V : Violation of Graves (Graven-Schendinge) : VI (1-57) : Murder and Manslaughter (Op het stuk van Moord en Doodslag), including also various forms of bodily hurt ; VII (1-7) : Adultery (Overspel) (identical with the last 7 articles of 9 supra) ; VIII (1-3) : Marriage (Van het Huwelyk); IX (1-13) : Theft (Dieverye), including kidnapping; X (1-2): Coining, Disobedience to the orders of the authorities and cheating (" ValscheMunters, en publique Overtreders van de hoge ordres van de Oyerigheyd en Bedriegers van 't Land, zullen strengelyk gegeeselt en eeuwig uyt de Landen gebannen, ook na de omstandigheeden met de Dood gestraft werden"); XI (1-7): Witnesses (In cas van Getuygenis); XII (1-4) : Wills (Testament); XIII: Purchase and Sale (Van Koop en Verkoop) ; XIV: Debtors (Schuldenaars); XV (1-13): = 2 supra; XVI (1-10) : = 3, 4 supra; XVII (1-8) : = 5,6 supra; XVIII (1-7) := 7 supra. The work bears no date, but it appears from Van der Chiys (see infra) that it received the approval of Government on 31 December 1750. Printed (without the index) s.v. "Goedkeuring yan een' compendium der voornaamste Javasche wetten' " in Van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (1889), 6e Deel, pp. 14-37.