Mss Eur Mack Private 44

p. i: Table of Contents.

1, pp. 1-187: Delft, December 1799. Account of the Present State of the Batavian Possessions in the East Indies & of their Trade in the same also some Ideas on Reforming & Improving the Government thereof. by Dirk van Hogendorp. Dedicated to His Country & its Governors. Translated by L R Burke. pp. 3-8: Peface. Begins: "The Writer of the following Sheets in the Year 1783 having gone with the Squadron of Men of War under Van Braam to the East Indies as Captain Lieutenant of Marines & in that capacity having served in the Reduction & Conquest of the Native Princes of Malacca, Riouw & Salangor, entered into the Service of the East India Company at Batavia, first as Captain of Dragoons afterwards rising to be Junior Merchant he came in succession to be Second of Patna in Bengal, Chief there, Administrator of Onrust, Resident of Japara, & finally Deputy over the East Point of Java." pp. 11, seqq.: Description of the Island of Java & of its Productions. Shewing the Advantages that may be derived from it under a better system of Government. This general heading does not really cover the whole work, though it applies to the greater part of it, especially the first 61 chapters. Chapter I (pp. 11-18) has no separate heading, but the following marginal sub-headings :-para. 1: Great advantages derivable from Java; 2, Situation & Extent; 3, Population; 4, Productions; 5, Five Great Divisions, (1) Bantam; 6, (2) Jacatra [=Jakatra] & Batavia.; 7, (3) Cheribon; 8, (4) Native Princes [of Surakarta and Jokyakarta].; 9, (5) East Hoek or Point, including Madura, &c.; 10, Religion; 11, Ancient History; 12, Language [he notes the want of acquaintance of the Dutch with the Javanese language]; 13, Portuguese Relations of Java inaccurate. At this point the marginal sub-headings cease. The remainder of Chap. I (paras. 14-23) is historical and introductory. Chapter II (pp. 19-23) is headed Form of Government, with a marginal sub-heading Regents against para. 5. It is a plea for the abolition of the feudal system in Java and the establishment there of property in land, freedom of person and trade, &c. Chapter III (pp. 24-6) : Regents. Chapter IV (pp. 27-32): Justice. Advocates an independent and reformed judicature, public trials, codification of native law, &c. Chapter V (pp. 33-4) : Defence, and Chapter VI (pp. 35-40): Military. Suggest improvements in this department, with a favourable mention of the British system in India. Chapter VII (pp. 41-4): Land Revenues. Advocates the establishment of property in land in favour of the actual cultivators, compensation to the feudal lords out of waste lands, and a liberal policy in granting waste lands to bona fide applicants of all races for development, and the reservation of forests to the State. Chapter VIII (pp. 45-6): Import & Export Duties Tolls or Farms; IX (pp. 47-8): Poll-Tax; X (pp. 49-50): Land Tax; XI (p. 41): Signorial Rights; XII (p. 52): Seals or Stampt Paper; XIII (p. 53): Markets; XIV (pp. 54-8): Chinese: XV (pp. 59-62): Rice; XVI (p. 63): Grain; XVII (p. 64): Copper; XVIII (p. 65): Diamonds; XIX (pp. 66-9): Coffee; XX (p. 70): Pepper; XXI (pp. 72-5): Navigation; XXII (p. 76): Cocoa; XXIII (p. 77): Opium; XXIV (pp. 79-80): Cappas [=kapas] or Cotton; XX V (pp. 81-4): Woods Timber and Ship-Building; XXVI (pp. 85-90) : Sugar; XX VII (pp. 91-2): Indigo; XXVIII (pp. 93-4): Arrack; XXIX (p. 95): Long Pepper; XXX (p. 96): Tail Pepper [=cubebs]; XXXI (p. 97): Tamarind; XXXII (p 98): Curcuma [=turmeric]; XXXIII (p. 99): Salt-Petre; XXXIV (p. 100): Calapa [=kĕlapa=coconut] Trees; XXXV (p. 101) : Pearls; [XXXVI] (p. 102): Iron Mines; [XXXVII] (pp. 103-4): Gold; XXXVIII (p. 105): Silver; XXXIX (p. 106): Cattle; XL (p. 107): Hides; XLI (p. 108): Dingding [=ḍeṇḍeng=sun-dried meat]; XLII. (p. 109): Cassave [=manioc, tapioca]; XLIII (p. 110): Agar-agar [=edible seaweed used in making jelly]; XLIV (p. 111): Cadjang [=kachang, various species of beans, peas, &c.]; XLV (p. 112): Tobacco; XLVI (pp. 113-14): Bird's Nests (i.e., the edible kind); XLVII (p. 115) : Triepang [=tĕripang (vulgo trepang or tripang)= bêche de mer, edible sea-slug]; XL VIII (p. 116): Ganitrees [=gĕnitri, jĕnitri, Elaeocarpus angustifolius, Tiliaceae, the seeds of which are strung together as beads, for which purpose they are exported to Bengal, Coromandel, Malabar & Surat, where the Bramins & Hindoos wear them ... about the neck after boring & stringing them "] ; XLIX (p. 117): Cardamoms; L (p. 118): Coil'; LI (p. 119) : Goomootie [=gomuti (which Hobson-Jobson derives from a Malay word gumuti or gāmūti, that is not given in the ordinary dictionaries: the real Malay name is ijok) = the black fibres round the trunk of Arenga saccharifera, Labill.]; LII (pp. 120-1): Salt; LIII (p. 123): Cloth; LIV (p. 124): Cotton-Thread; LV (pp. 124-6): Office Money [=a sort of income-tax]; LVI (127-8): Banks; LVII (pp. 129-32): Batavia; LVIII (pp. 133-4): Arts & Sciences [with particular reference to the Bataviaasch Genootschap der Kunsten en Wetenschappen]; LIX (pp. 135-6): Insurance by Sea; LX (pp. 137-8): Slaves & Slave Trade [a statesmanlike plea for gradual abolition]; LXI (pp. 139-40): Batavian Ommelands [=districts adjacent to Batavia]; LXII (pp. 141-6): Trade to the East Indies; LXIII (pp. 147-8): Cape of Good Hope [with remarks on its capture by the British, its products, and a suggestion that it might be made an independent neutral territory freely open to all nationalities: "but who in the present times dare expect that such humane plans will be received [?]"; LXIV (pp. 149-50): Ceylon; LXV (p. 151): Coast of Malabar; LXVI (p. 152): Surat; LXVII (pp: 153-4): Coast of Coromandel; LXVIII (pp. 155-6): Bengal; LXIX (pp. 157-8): West Coast of Sumatra; LXX (pp. 159-60): Borneo; LXXI (pp. 161-2): Macassar [=Celebes, with a severe indictment, of the horrors of the slave-trade carried on from that island]; LXXII (pp. 163-4): Moluccas; LXXIII (pp. 165-6): Amboina [with special reference to the clove trade]; LXXIV (pp. 167-72): Banda [with special reference to the nutmeg trade and to the British conquest,of the island]; LXXV (pp. lZ3-4): Malacca; LXXVI (pp. 165-6):, Palembang [with special reference to the tin of Bangka, &c.].; LXXVII (pp. 177-8): Trade to Japan; LXXVIII (pp. 179-81): Trade to China; LXXIX (p. 182): Timor; LXXX (p. 173): Bima; LXXXI (p. 184): Bali; [LXXXII] (pp. 185-7): Conclusion [that the system of trade monopoly should be abandoned, &c.].

The work is a powerful indictment of the system of the Dutch East India Company in its decline, and though an ex parte statement made by a man with a grievance it is of permanent importance in its historical bearings. Translated from Berigt van den tegenwoordigen toestand der Bataaf sche bezittingen. In Oost-Indiën en den handel op dezelve, a second title adds: benevens eenige denkbeelden tot verandering en hervorming van het bestuur daar over, and the author is described as gewezen Opperkoopman en Gezaghebber over Java's Oosthoek, in dienst der Oost-Indische Maatschappij. It was issued without date or place of publication, or publisher's name, being printed for the author and each copy signed by him. A copy is in the British Museum. The translation contains several footnotes (added in some cases as late as 1812), but they are mostly mere explanations of Dutch words in the original and of no great importance. On the questions involved and the author's career generally, see J. A. Sillem, Dirk van Hogendorp (1761-1822), Amsterdam, 1890 (particularly pp. 94 seqq. where references are given to the series of polemical works issued in 1799-1802 by him and by his adversaries, especially S. C. Nederburgh); and also the autobiographical Memoires du General Dirk van Hogendorp, . . . La Haye, 1887, issued by his grandson, D. O. A. van Hogendorp. For a rough copy of 44. 1 see 29. 1 supra; 24. 4 supra is a copy of its Chapter XXIV (pp. 79-80).

2, pp. 189-95: The Hague, 7 June 1802. Preface to a Translation of a Letter from Sir George Dallas to Sir William Pulteney by Dirk van Hogendorp. Emphasises the difference in policy between the British and Dutch East India Companies in matters of administration and trade, and d wells on the gradual freeing of the trade to India from the British Company's old monopoly (with special reference to the cotton trade). Written in reply to an anonymous work here styled Research into the grounds of the System of Mr Dirk van Hogendorp &c &c (presumably identical with Onderzoek der gronden van het stelsel van den Heer Dirk van Hogendorp, Amsterdam, 1802), the above is presumably a translation of part of Antwoord van Dirk van Hogendorp op het onderzoek der gronden van zijn stelsel, &c., &c., Haag, 1802. I have not had access to either.

3, pp. 205-18: Extract from a Treatise of S: C: Nederburgh, in reply to the question, whether, & how far it would be useful & necessary to put the Dutch East India Company’s Possessions on the same footing as the West India Colonies. =13. 1 supra, q.v. A pencilled heading on p. 219 indicates that this and the following pages were intended to contain a Statistic Memoir on Java. Another, on p. 223, reads: Extract from the Report of the Commission on East India Affairs of the Batavian Republic which sat at the Hague Aug(t) 31(st) 1803. Neither paper was filled in.