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Or 2361, ff 68v-153r

Record Id:
040-003474518
Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
032-003283347
MDARK:
ark:/81055/vdc_100096026572.0x000001
LARK:
SLARK:
ark:/81055/vdc_100131607039.0x00000d
Format:
ISAD(G)
Reference (shelfmark):
Or 2361, ff 68v-153r
Title:

[Sharḥ Mawlānā Mubārakshāh bar adwār] [شرح مولانا مباركشاه بر ادوار]

Scope & Content:

An extensive anonymous commentary on Kitāb al-adwār fī ʿilm al-mūsīqī (كتاب الادوار في علم الموسيقي), by Ṣafī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin ibn Yūsuf al-Urmawī (صفي الدين عبد المؤمن بن يوسف الأرموي), including the entire text, overlined in red. The commentary is ascribed in the heading - a later addition - to one Mawlānā Mubārakshāh (مولانا مباركشاه). The problematic identity of this individual is dicussed in El-Rouayheb, Khaled, '"Mubārakshāh the Logician": An elusive teacher in Mamluk Cairo' in Intellectual History of the Islamicate World (Leiden: Brill, 2019), pp. 1-25. The commentary includes a large number of tables and diagrams.

The author relates in the preface that while he was engaged in studying medicine, he wished to acquaint himself with the principles of music, and found that the Kitāb al-Adwār was the best treatise written on that science. The text is dedicated to the Muẓaffarid ruler Jalāl al-Dīn Abū al-Fawāris Shāh Shujāʿ (جلال الدين ابو الفوارس شاه شجاع, reigned 760-786/1358-1384; see f. 69r, line 15).

The scribe, Sayyid Abū Muḥammad ibn Sayyid Fatḥ Muḥammad Samānī (سيد ابو محمد ابن سيد فتح محمد سماني) relates in the colophon that the text was composed in 777/1375-6 and the present copy was completed on 8 Jumadá II 1073/ 18 January 1663 in Anbālah (Ambala), on the way to Lahore.

It was collated with its exemplar in the city of Kashmir (Srinagar) 'the heart-pleasing' (دلپذير) on 8 Muḥarram 1074/12 August 1663, and collated again in 23 Jumadá II 1078/9 December 1667 with another copy dated 15 Dhū al-Qaʻdah 822/3 December 1419 (see colophon, f. 153r, transcribed below).

The diagram of the ʿūd fret appears in this copy as a drawing of the whole instrument (f. 114r).

　

Contents:

  • Introduction (f. 68v-71v);
  • Section One: Definition of the Notes and Explanation of High and Low Pitch (الفصل الأول في تعريف النغم وبيان الحدة والثقل, ff. 71v-75r);
  • Section Two: The Division of the Frets (الفصل الثاني في أقسام الدساتين, ff. 75r-79r);
  • Section Three: Interval Ratios (الفصل الثالث في نسب الأبعاد, ff. 79r-85r);
  • Section Four: The Necessitating Causes of Dissonance (الفصل الرابع في الأسباب الموجبة للتنافر, ff. 85r-93v);
  • Section Five: On Consonant Harmony الفصل الخامس في التأليف الملائم), ff. 93v-96v);
  • Section Six: The Modes and Their Relationships (الفصل السادس في الأدوار ونسبها, ff. 96v-111v);
  • Section Seven: The Arrangement of Two Strings (الفصل السابع في حكم الوترين, ff. 111v-112v);
  • Section Eight: Discussion of the ‘Ūd, Tuning its Strings, and Deriving Scales from Them (الفصل الثامن في ذكر العود وتسوية أوتاره واستخراج الأدوار منه, ff. 112v-114v);
  • Section Nine: The Names of the Scales (الفصل التاسع في أسماء الأدوار, ff. 114v-119r);
  • Section Ten: Tone Sharing of the Scales (الفصل العاشر في تشارك نغم الأدوار, ff. 119r-120r);
  • Section Eleven: Transposed Cycles (الفصل الحادي عشر في طبقات الأدوار, ff. 120r-128v);
  • Section Twelve: Scordatura (الفصل الثاني عشر الاصطخاب الغير المعهود, ff. 128v-135v);
  • Section Thirteen: Rhythm (الفصل الثالث عشر في الإيقاع, ff. 135v-149v);
  • Section Fourteen: Influence of the Modes (الفصل الرابع عشر في تأثير النغم, ff. 149v-151v);
  • Section Fifteen: Musical Practice (الفصل الخامس عشر في مباشرة العمل, ff. 151v-153r).

　

Diagrams and Tables:

  • Unlabelled diagram (f. 78v);
  • Diagram showing intervals within an octave (f. 80v);
  • Unlabelled diagram (f. 81r);
  • Diagram showing intervals within two octaves (f. 82r);
  • Explicatory tables and diagrams, some incomplete (ff. 87r-92v, 95r, 97v-98r);
  • Circular diagrams showing the number of consonant intervals within modes (ff. 99v, 100r [two], 100v, 101r [two]);
  • Table of the eighty-four tetrachord and pentachord species combinations (ff. 102r-105r);
  • Table of forty-nine cycles (ff. 105v-107r);
  • Tabulation (f. 107v);
  • Diagram of relationships between notes over two octaves (ff. 108v-109r);
  • Diagram of the stringing of an instrument (الآلة, f. 110v);
  • Drawing of a lute, illustrating its tuning (f. 114r)
  • Table of the twelve conventional modes (الأدوار على اصطلاحهم; f. 116v);
  • Table of the six secondary modes called awāzāt (أوازات, f. 118r);
  • Two diagrams depicting the progression of notes within the modes (ff. 119v-120r);
  • Tabulation of fingering (f. 121r);
  • Tabulations (ff. 121v-128r, 130v-135r);
  • Circular diagrams of rhythmic cycles (ff. 139v-143r);
  • Tabulation of rhythmic cycles (f. 143v).

　

Begins: (f. 68v, lines 1-2 and 6):

الحمد لله الذي أختار نوع الإنسان بمزيد اللطف والاحسان وميّزهم عن سائر الأكوان

بدقيق الفهم والبيان ورسم أنفاسهم بكيفيات الحروف والألحان ...

...أما بعد فإن الهمم في زماننا هذا تقاصرت عن تحقيق العلوم العقلية وتحصيلها

　

Ends (f. 153r, lines 15-16):

...ومن الله الإعانة في كل الأمور

إنه عليم بذات الصدور وهو حسبنا ونعم الوكيل هو مولانا فنعم المولي ونعم النصير...

　

Colophon (f. 153r, lines 16-31):

...وقد تم

الكتاب بعون الله تعالى ٨ شهر جمادى الثاني يوم الخميس من سنة ١٠٧٣

في مقام انباله لشاه قباد عبد الجليل الحارثي

المخاطب بديانتخان بخط فقير سيد أبو محمد

بن سيد فتح محمد سمانئ

وقد فرغ مؤلفه من إتمامه يوم السبت السابع من صفر

ختم الله عاقبته بالخير والظفر لسنة سبع

وسبعين وسبعمائة الهجرية

النبوية المصطفوية

تم المقابلة بأصله يوم الأحد ثامن من محرم من سنة الرابعة والسبعين والألف من الهجرة النبوية

في بلدة كشمير دلپذير

ثم تم المقابلة بنسخة آخر(!) يوم السبت ثالث والعشرون من شهر جمادى الثانية سنة ألف وثمانية وسبعون

وكانت هذه النسخة قديمة مكتوبة في الخامس عشر من ذي القعدة لسنة

إثنا وعشرين وثمانمائة

٨٢٢

في بلدة شاه جهانآباد

Collection Area:
Oriental Manuscripts
Project / Collection:
Qatar Foundation Partnership Programme
Hierarchy Record Ids:
032-003283347
040-003474518
Is part of:
Or 2361 : A collection of fourteen treatises on music theory in Arabic and Persian

 

Or 2361, ff 68v-153r : [Sharḥ Mawlānā Mubārakshāh bar adwār] [شرح مولانا مباركشاه بر ادوار]
Hierarchy:
032-003283347[0005]/040-003474518
Container:
View / search within Archive / Collection: Or 2361
Record Type (Level):
File
Extent:

Ff. 68v-153r

Digitised Content:
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100131607039.0x00000d
Thumbnail:
Languages:
Arabic
Scripts:
Arabic
Start Date:
1663
End Date:
1663
Date Range:
8 Jumādá II 1073
Calendar:
Hijri qamari
Era:
AH
Access:

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User Conditions:
Finding Aids:
  • Rieu, Charles, Supplement to the Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the British Museum (London: The British Museum, 1894), Item 823, V, p. 559
  • Shiloah, Amnon, The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings (c. 900-1900): Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Libraries of Europe and the U.S.A. (Munich: G. Henle Verlag, 1979), pp. 419-20
Publications:

Edition:

  • D’Erlanger, Baron Rodolphe, La musique arabe, Vol. 3 (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1938)
  • Anwār, Sayyid Abdullāh, Tarjamat-i Sharḥ Mubārakshāh Bukhārī, Arabic edition and Persian translation (Farhangestān-e Honar, 2013)

Study:

  • El-Rouayheb, Khaled, '"Mubārakshāh the Logician": An elusive teacher in Mamluk Cairo' in Intellectual History of the Islamicate World (Leiden: Brill, 2019), pp. 1-25
  • Ghrab, Anas, 'Commentaire anonyme du Kitab al-Adwār: Édition critique, traduction et présentation des lectures arabes de l'oeuvre de Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Urmawī' (unpublished doctoral thesis, Université de Paris Sorbonne, 2009)
Material Type:
Archives and Manuscripts
Legal Status:
Not Public Record(s)
Names:
Urmawī, ‘Abd al-Mu’min ibn Yūsuf, music theorist, musician, calligrapher, ca 1216-1294