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Add MS 28107
- Record Id:
- 040-002019433
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002019431
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000001293.0x000369
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Add MS 28107
- Title:
- Bible ('The Stavelot Bible'), Volume 2
- Scope & Content:
-
The second of two volumes of the Bible, the first being Add MS 28106.
Contents:
ff. 3v-239v: The Vulgate version of the Bible from Job to Revelation, with prefaces, tables of chapters, and Gospel canons, with a dated scribal colophon.
On the flyleaves and leaves from other manuscripts used in the original binding (ff. i-viii), various texts have been added, including the following:
ff. i, iii, vii and viii: Fragments of Leo Ostiensis, Chronicon Casinense in Beneventan minuscule;
f. 3r: Commentaries and verses on the Bible by Abbot Wolfhelm of Brauwiler, Cologne, added c.1097;
f. 239v: Liturgical texts, including 'Preces ad crucem', added c.1097 and a list of houses linked to Stavelot abbey 'Ecclesie de fraternitate chenobii Sancti Remacli Stabulensis', in a hand of the 15th century;
f. 240r: Scribal colophon stating that the work was copied by Goderannus and Ernesto, monks of Stavelot, and illuminated and bound within four years ending 1097;
f. 240v-241r: Letters between Emperor Henry IV to Philip I of France (1106), imperfect.
Decoration:
One full page miniature in colours and gold of Christ in Majesty with the symbols of the Evangelists, at the beginning of the New Testament (f. 136r). 19 historiated initials in colours, some with gold at the beginning of some books (ff. 4v, 13v, 21v, 38v, 56v, 93v, 102r, 142v, 154r, 161v, 163r, 175r, 197r, 197v, 199r, 203r, 205v, 233v, 234r). 46 large initials with foliate decoration in colours, some with gold, some on pink grounds (ff. 3v, 4r, 13v, 29v, 38r, 38v, 46r, 49r, 50v, 56r, 71r, 71v, 81r, 93r, 102r, 106r (2), 110v, 111r, 116r, 127v, 136v, 141v, 154v, 175v, 184v, 185v, 197r, 200v, 202v, 203v (2), 204r, 210v, 215v, 218v, 220v, 222r, 223v, 224v, 225v, 226v, 228r, 229r, 229v, 230r). Canon tables in colours with the Evangelists' symbols and foliate decoration on the capitals (ff. 138r-140r). Numerous small initials and numbering in red.
The subjects of the historiated initials are:
f. 4v: 'V'(ir) at the beginning of the Book of Job, with the prophet seated with his arms outstretched to his sons and daughters;
f. 13v: 'D'(avid) at the beginning of the Preface to the Psalms, with a naked figure holding a book;
f. 21v: 'Q'(uid) at the beginning of Psalm 51, showing David holding a sling, facing Goliath, who has a spear and shield;
f. 56v: 'O'(mnis) at the beginning of the Book of Ecclesiastes, showing the prophet (without a halo) seated, holding a scroll bearing the words, 'Omnis sapientia a d[omin]o d[e]o est';
f. 93v: 'I'(n) at the beginning of the Book of Ezra, with King Cyrus holding a scroll with his decree authorising the Jews to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem;
f. 102r: 'T'(obias) at the beginning of the Book of Tobit, showing the elderly Tobit with a sarcophagus on his shoulders containing a young man holding a spade;
f. 142v: 'L'(iber) at the beginning of Matthew's Gospel, with vine decoration incorporating human figures and animals;
f. 154r: 'M'(arcus) at the beginning of Mark's Gospel, with the Evangelist holding a scroll;
f. 161v: 'L'(ucas) at the beginning of the Preface to Luke's Gospel, with the Evangelist standing holding a scroll;
f. 163r: 'Q'(uoniam) at the beginning of Luke's Gospel, showing an angel addressing Zacharias, who is bearing a censer in the Temple;
f. 175r: 'H'(ic) at the beginning of the Preface to John's Gospel, with the Evangelist writing at a lectern, with a quill and knife;
f. 197r: 'J'(acobus) at the beginning of the Preface to the Catholic Epistles, with the Apostle holding a book;
f. 197v: 'J'(acobus) at the beginning of the Epistle of James, with the Apostle holding a book;
f. 199r: 'P'(etrus) at the beginning of the Epistle of Peter, showing the Apostle seated with a book and key;
f. 201r: 'Q'(uod) at the beginning of the Epistle of John, showing John writing;
f. 203r: 'I'(udas) at the beginning of the Epistle of Jude, showing the Apostle standing with a book in his hands;
f. 205v: 'P'(aulus) at the beginning of Paul's Epistle to the Romans, showing the Apostle above a city (Rome) with a church and a group of people;
f. 233v: 'I'(ohannes' at the beginning of the Preface to Revelation, of the seven levels of Heaven represented by seven angels with seven temples;
f. 234r: 'A'(pocalypsis) at the beginning of the Book of Revelation, showing Christ with seven stars in His right hand and in His mouth is a sharp two-edged sword (Revelations, 1:16).
Usener, in L’art Mosan (1953), distinguished four hands, while Dynes in Stavelot Bible (1978), pp. 89-93, proposed five artists: in the two volumes he identified 54 initials by the Master of the Minor Prophets, 11 by the Pentateuch Master, 2 by the Jeremiah Master, 6 by the Majesty Master, and 25 by the Luke Master. Cahn, in Romanesque Bible Illumination (1982), pp. 130-31, suggested one artist for the Genesis initial and for most of the historical books and another, probably Goderannus, for most of the Prophets, Ezra through Esther, and a large part of the New Testament initials. He attributed the Christ in Majesty to another master, perhaps Ernesto, and Luke in the Prologue to his Gospel and other initials to a different artist.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Additional Manuscripts
- Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002019431
040-002019433 - Is part of:
- Add MS 28106-28107 : Bible in two volumes, (the 'Stavelot Bible')
Add MS 28107 : Bible ('The Stavelot Bible'), Volume 2 - Hierarchy:
- 032-002019431[0002]/040-002019433
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Add MS 28106-28107
- Record Type (Level):
- File
- Extent:
-
A parchment codex, 241 folios
- Digitised Content:
- http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_28107 (digital images currently unavailable)
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- English
Latin - Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 1093
- End Date:
- 1097
- Date Range:
- 1093-1097
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
-
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- User Conditions:
- Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript.
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Foliation: ff. viii + 241 (ff. v-viii are at the end of the volume + 3 unfoliated flyleaves at the beginning and 3 at the end).
Collation: 1(f. 3) + i-xxviii8 (ff. 4-235) xxix (ff. 236-239). Quire numbering (i-xxviii, ff. 19v, 27v etc. to f. 235v)
Dimensions: 580 x 390mm (text space: 275 x 120mm).
Layout: 2 columns of 52/53 lines.
Script: Caroline minuscule.
Binding: 14th or 15th-century leather with thong-clasps and later spine.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: Netherlands, S. (Stavelot).
Provenance:
The Benedictine abbey of St Remacle of Stavelot, produced here between 1094 and 1097 by Goderannus and Ernesto, as stated in the dated scribal colophon on f. 240r; an ownership inscription of the Stavelot library 'Ecclesie diui remacli in Stabulao' on f. 3r; a catalogue of the library copied in Add MS 28106, f. 228v in 1105, as printed in Jean Gessler 'Les catalogues des bibliotheques monastiques de Lobbes et de Stavelot', Revue d'Histoire ecclesiastique, 29 (1933), 82-96 and seen in the library in 1724 by Martène and Durand, Voyage littéraire (1724). Sold with other manuscripts from the Stavelot library at auction in Ghent in 1847 (see Reiffenberg, Catalogue d'une belle collection (Ghent, 1847) in Dynes, Stavelot Bible (1978) p. 28).
M. David-Fischbach (b. 1831, d. 1914), of Stavelot, then Leuven (Louvain), in his library between 1863 and 1869, when the library catalogue and colophons were transcribed by Jean-Joseph Thonissen (see Dynes, Stavelot Bible (1978) p. 28). Purchased from him by the British Museum, 8 May 1869.
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
- Publications:
-
E. Martène and U. Durand, Voyage littéraire de deux religieux bénédictins de la congrégation de Saint Maur, 2 vols (Paris, 1724), II, p. 149.
Frédéric de Reiffenberg, Catalogue d'une belle collection de livres et manuscrits précieux sur vélin du VIIIe et du IXe siècle (Ghent, 1847).
Jean-Joseph Thonissen, 'Une Bible manuscrit du XIe siècle', Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 30 (1863), 273ff.
Jean-Joseph Thonissen, Une bibliothèque belge de l'an MCV', Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 2nd series, 23.1 (1867), 603ff.
J. Helbig, Histoire de la Peinture au pays de Liège (Liège, 1873), pp. 24-28.
Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the Years 1861-1875, 2 vols (London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1877), II, pp. 428-29.
The Palaeographic Society: Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions, second series, ed. by Edward Augustus Bond, Edward Maunde Thompson, and George Frederic Warner, (London: Cloves and Sons, 1884-1894), II, pls. 92-93.
K. Hampe, 'Reise nach England vom Juli 1895 bis Februar 1896', Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde, (1897), 239-43.
Karel Frans Idesbald de Flou and Edward Gaillard, Beschrijving van Middelnederlandsche en andere handschriften die in Engeland bewaard worden (Ghent, Siffer, 1895), p. 64.
J. Helbig, La peinture au pays de Liège et sur les bords de la Meuse (Liège. 1903), pp. 13-17.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London, 1911), pp.157-58.
Georg Swarzenski, Die Salzburger Malerei, 2 vols (Leipzig: Hiersemann, 1913), I, 63 n. 1, 75 n. 5.
Marcel Laurent, 'Art rhénan, art mosan et art byzantin: la Bible de Stavelot', Byzantion, 6 (1931), pp. 75-98.
Jean Gessler, 'Les Catalogues des Bibliothiques Monastiques de Lobbes et de Stavelot', Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique, (1933), pp. 82-96.
Hans Swarzenski, 'Unknown Bible Pictures by W. de Brailes and some Notes on Early Bible Illustration', Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, I (1938), 55-70 (p.55 n.1).
Karl Hermann Usener, 'Das Breviar Clm. 23 261 der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek und die Anfange der romanischen Buchmalerei in Luttich', Munchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst, 3.1 (1950), 78-92 (fig. 30).
E. B. Garrison, Studies in the History of Mediaeval Italian Painting, 3 vols (Florence: L’impronta, 1953-58), I (1953-1954), fig. 261, III (1957-1958), 179-80.
K. H. Usener, 'Les débuts du style roman dans l'art mosan', in L’art Mosan, Bibliothèque Générale de L’École Pratique des Hautes Études, 6 (Paris: Armand Colin, 1953), 103-12 (pp. 104-12, pls 14.2, 15.1-2, 16.1).
Hans Swarzenski, Monuments of Romanesque Art (London and Chicago, 1954), p. 55, nos. 97-98.
Paul Devos, 'Autour de Léon d’ostie et de sa translatio S. Clementis (légende italique de SS. Cyrille et Méthode)', Analecta Bollandiana, 74. I A (1956), p. 215.
G. I. Lieftinck, 'De nouveaux fragments de la chronique Casinienne de Léon de Marsico dans un psautier de Stavelot', Scriptorium: Revue international des études relative aux manuscrits, 10 (1956), 96-98.
André Grabar and Carl Nordenfalk, Romanesque Painting from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century, trans. by Stuart Gilbert (Lausanne: SKIRA , 1958), pp. 166, 180-81, 190.
F. Masai, 'Noveau fragments du Paul Orose de Stavelot en écriture onciale', Latomus, 54 (1960), pp. 509-21.
Derek H. Turner, 'The Siegburg Lectionary', Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relative aux manuscrits, 16 (1962), 16-27 (pp. 21, 24).
Elias A. Lowe, 'A New List of Beneventan Manuscripts', Studi e Testi, 220 (1962), 223.
Jonathan J. G. Alexander, Norman Illumination at Mont St Michel 966-1100 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 184 n. 2, 191.
Charles Reginald Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London : Penguin Books, 1971), pp. 145, 160-62, 178, pl. 177.
Wayne Dynes, 'The Dorsal Figure in the Stavelot Bible', Gesta, 10 (1971), 41-48.
Rhein und Maas: Kunst und Kultur 800-1400 (Cologne: Rudolf Müller, 1972), no. F27, figs on pp. 234-35 [exhibition catalogue].
Elisabeth Klemm, Ein romanischer Miniaturenzyklus aus dem Maasgebiet, Wiener Kunstgeschichtliche Forschungen, 2 (Vienna: Adolf Holzhausens, 1973), p. 7, pls 129, 130.
C. M. Kauffmann, Romanesque Manuscripts 1066-1190, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 3 (London: Harvey Miller, 1975), pp. 33, 95, 110, 124.
Wayne Dynes, The Illuminations of the Stavelot Bible (New York: Garland Publishing, 1978).
Andrew Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c.700-1600 in the Department of Manuscripts, The British Library (London, 1979), I, no. 321.
François Avril and Yolanta Zaluska, Manuscrits enluminés d’origine italienne, 2 vols (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1980-1984), I: VIe-XIIe siècle, p. 18.
Walter Cahn, Romanesque Bible Illumination (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1982), no. 47, pp.130-36, 205, 213, 216, 265, pls. 83, 85-88.
Peter Lasko, Ars Sacra 800-1200, 2nd edn (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), pp. 164-65.
Aliza Cohen-Mushlin, A Medieval Scriptorium: Sancta Maria Magdalena de Frankendal, Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien, 3, (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990), pp. 7, 105-10, 124, 130.
Michael Gullick 'The Scribe of the Carilef Bible: A new look at some late-eleventh-century Durham Cathedral Manuscripts', in Medieval Book Production: Assessing the Evidence, ed. by Linda l. Brownrigg, Proceedings of the Second Conference of The Seminar in the History of the Book to 1500, Oxford, July 1998 (Los Altos Hills, California: Anderson-Lovelace, 1990), pp. 61-83 (p. 82 n. 74).
Walter Cahn, Romanesque Manuscripts: The Twelfth Century (London: Harvey Miller, 1996), II, pp. 87, 124.
Maurits Smeyers, Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the mid-16th Century (Leuven: Brepols, 1999), pl. on p. 91, pls 47-48.
Christopher de Hamel, The Book: A History of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), pp. 70, 83, pl. 46.
Diane J. Reilly, ‘French Romanesque Giant Bibles’, Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relative aux manuscrits, 56 (2002), 294-311 (p. 299).
Ellen F. Arnold, 'Environment and the Shaping of Monastic Identity: Stavelot-Malmedy and the medieval Ardennes' (unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2006), pp. 92-94, online at https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LhvaB1f2EzwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), p. 76.
Diane J. Reilly, 'The Bible as Bellwether: Manuscript Bibles in the Context of Spiritual, Liturgical and Educational Reform, 1000-1200', in Form and function in the Late Medieval Bible, ed. by Eyal Poleg and Laura Light (Leiden: Brill, 2013), pp. 9-30 (p. 21).
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)