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Add MS 49999
- Record Id:
- 040-002083195
- Hierarchy Root Ancestor Record Id:
- 032-002083194
- MDARK:
- ark:/81055/vdc_100000001308.0x000138
- LARK:
- SLARK:
- Format:
- ISAD(G)
- Reference (shelfmark):
- Add MS 49999
- Title:
- Book of Hours ('The De Brailes Hours') (formerly known as 'The Dyson Perrins Hours')
- Scope & Content:
-
Book of Hours, known as the 'De Brailes Hours' after the Oxford illuminator William de Brailes, who left two signatures in the manuscript (ff. 43r, 47r, see Provenance). The manuscript is one of the earliest known Books of Hours to survive. Its liturgical content is close to the use of Sarum as codified in the early 14th century, but contains several differences (see Donovan, The de Brailes Hours (1991), Appendix 2).
Contents:
ff. 1r-65r: Hours of the Virgin, including: Matins (ff. 1r-13r); Lauds, with suffrages to of the Holy Ghost, the Holy Cross, St Edmund (imperfect), St Laurence, St Catherine of Alexandria, St Margaret, All Saints, and for Peace (ff. 13r-31v); Prime (ff. 32r-38v); Terce (ff. 39r-43r); Sext (ff. 43v-47r); None (imperfect) (ff. 47v-50v); Vespers (imperfect) with insertions (ff. 51r-52v and 57r) including Psalms 109, 112 and 147 in a different, Italian hand (see Donovan 1991, p. 32) (ff. 53r-59v); Compline (imperfect) (ff 60r-64v); 'Salve regina' added by the Italian hand (f. 65r).
ff. 66r-89r: The Seven Penitential Psalms and the Litany of the Saint, and Collects; the Litany includes amongst the martyrs Alban, Oswald, Edmund, Edward, Thomas, and Columbanus, amongst the confessors Dunstan, Benedict, Giles, Leonard, Botulf and Julian, and amongst the virgins the Oxford saint Frideswide, Mildred and Radegunde.
ff. 90r-102r: Gradual Psalms (Psalms 119-133).
ff. 102v-105v: Prayers in Anglo-Norman French added by two hands: Prose prayer for special intentions, mentioning Richard of Newark, Richard of Westey and Bartholomew of Grimstone, incipit: 'Jo dei preir pur frere richart de nevere e pur frere richart de westey e pur frere bartelemeu de grimistum et pur tut frere prechr' e menur' ke Deus me dunt' (ff. 102v); Prayer to the Virgin Mary in mono-rhyming quatrains, divided in three parts: Aves, incipit: 'Ave seinte marie la mere au rei iesu'; Joys, incipit: 'Gloriuse reine mere au creatur'; and Litany of saints, including invocations to Peter, Paul, Andrew, James, Thomas, James and Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Simon and Thaddeus, Matthias, Barnabas, Stephen, Laurence, George, Nicholas and Thomas of Canterbury (imperfect) (ff. 102v-104v); Three prayers (written by the second hand), incipit: 'Duz Sire Ki peine sufris e mort en la croix'; 'Duce dame mere de pite'; 'Sire sain pol ki tant fustes angusse' (f. 105v). For those prayers, see Dean and Boulton 1999, no. 740.
Decoration:
5 miniatures in colours and gold, at the beginning of the Hours of the Virgin (ff. 1r, 32r, 39r, 43v, 47v), with 2 miniatures missing at the beginning of Vespers and Compline (after ff. 50v, 59v).
Numerous historiated initials in colours and gold, with marginal extensions at the beginning of all major sections of the text (ff. 1v, 3v, 4r, 5v, 7v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11r, 13v, 14v, 15r, 16v, 17v, 19v, 21r, 23r, 24r, 26r, 27r, 27v, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32v, 33r, 34r, 36r, 38r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 45v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r, 49v, 50v, 53r, 54r, 54v, 55v, 56r, 58r, 59r, 60r, 61r, 62v, 62v, 63r, 63v, 64v, 66r, 67v, 69r, 72r, 75r, 78r, 79r, 81r, 87v, 88r, 88v, 90r, 90v, 91v, 92v, 93r, 94r, 95r, 96r, 97v, 98r, 98v, 100v, 101r, 101v).
All miniatures and initials are accompanied by captions in Anglo-Norman French explaining their contents.
8 foliate initials with marginal extensions in colours and gold (ff. 22r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 48r, 64v, 94v, 96v).
Verse initials alternately in blue and gold with red or blue pen-flourishing.
Line endings in blue and red, occasionally in gold.
Bas-de-page pen-flourished decoration in blue, red and gold, with animal motifs, e. g, a fish (f. 8v) or a dragon (f. 11r).
Other manuscripts associated with William de Brailes and his workshop are: a series of leaves taken from a Psalter and divided between Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 330 (bearing de Brailes's signature, f. 3r) and New York, Pierpont Morgan Library MS M. 913); Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS lat. bibl. e. 7 (the 'de Brailes Bible'); Oxford, New College, MS 322; Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 350/567; Harley MS 2813 (Bible); a series of leaves from a psalter or bible divided between Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery MS 106 and Paris, Wildenstein Collection, Musée Marmotten (unnumbered); and Stockholm, National Museum B. 2010 (Psalter).
The subjects of the miniatures and historiated initials are:
f. 1r, Four scenes in medallions replacing the initials 'D'(omine), at the beginning of the Hours to the Virgin: 1. the Betrayal; 2. the Flagellation of Christ and Peter's first denial; 3. the Mocking of Christ and Peter's second denial; 4. Christ being reviled and Peter's third denial, with (in the margin) Peter weeping (Matins).
Scenes from the Life of the Virgin:
f. 1v, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of the rejection of Joachim's offering at the Temple (Matins). f. 1v, Historiated initial 'V'(enite) of a servant reproaching Anna for being barren (Matins).
f. 3v, Historiated initial 'Q'(uem) of the Annunciation to Joachim (Matins).
f. 4r, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) of the Annunciation to Anna (Matins).
f. 5v, Historiated initial 'C'(eli) of Joachim and Anna embracing (Matins).
f. 7v, Historiated initial 'D'(omini) of the Nativity of the Virgin (Matins).
f. 9r, Historiated initial 'S'(ancta) of the Presentation of the Virgin Mary in the Temple (Matins).
f. 9v, Historiated initial 'S'(ancta) of the miraculous flowering of Joseph's rod (Matins).
f. 10v, Historiated initial 'S'(ancta) of the Marriage of the Virgin and Joseph (Matins).
f. 11r, Historiated initial 'T'(e deum) of the Annunciation (Matins).
f. 13r, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of the Visitation (Matins).
Scenes from the Life of Christ:
f. 13v, Historiated initial 'D'(ominus) of Joseph's Dream (Lauds).
f. 14v, Historiated initial 'I'(n) including 3 medallions: 1-2. The Annunciation to the Shepherds; 3. The Nativity of Christ (Lauds). f. 15r, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of the Presentation in the Temple (Lauds).
f. 16v, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of the Magi before Herod (Lauds).
f. 17v, Historiated initial 'B'(enedicite) of Herod asking the Magi about the place of Christ's birth (Lauds).
f. 19v, Historiated initial 'L'(audate) of the Adoration of the Magi (Lauds).
f. 21r, Historiated initial 'C'(antate) of the Dream of the Magi (Lauds).
f. 23r, Historiated initial 'M'(aria) of the return journey of the Magi (Lauds).
f. 23v, Historiated initial 'O'( gloriosa) of the Massacre of the Innocents (Lauds).
f. 24r, Historiated initial 'B'(enedictus) of the Flight into Egypt (Lauds).
f. 26r, Historiated initial 'C'(oncede) of the Virgin and Child (Suffrages to the Virgin).
f. 27r, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of the Pentecost (Suffrage to the Holy Spirit).
f. 27v, Historiated initial 'A'(d) of the Crucifixion (Suffrage to the Holy Cross).
f. 28r, Historiated initial 'D'(a nobis) of the Martyrdom of St Laurence (Suffrage to St Laurence).
f. 29r, Historiated initial 'O'(mnipotens) of St Catherine being buried by Angels on Mount Sinai (Suffrage to St Catherine).
f. 29v, Historiated initial 'D'(eus) of St Margaret emerging from the dragon (Suffrage to St Margaret).
f. 30r, Historiated initial 'I'(n) divided in 5 semicircles containing: 1. Virgin Mary and the Angels; 2. the Apostles; 3. the Martyrs; 4. the Confessors; 5. the Virgins (Suffrage to all Saints).
f. 30v, Initial 'D'(eus) of Christ in Majesty (Suffrage for peace).
f. 32r, Miniature divided in 4 medallions: 1. Christ before Annas; 2. Christ before Caiaphas; 3. Christ before Pilate; 4. Christ before Herod (Prime). Scenes from the legend of Theophilus:f. 32v, Historiated initial 'V'(eni) of Theophilus refusing to become a bishop (Prime). f. 33r, Historiated initial 'B'(eatus) of Theophilus in poverty (Prime).
f. 34r, Historiated initial 'Q'(uare) Theophilus doing homage to the Devil (Prime).
f. 36r, Historiated initial 'V'(erba) of Theophilus restored to his position (Prime).
f. 38r, Historiated initial 'I'(n) of Theophilus praying to the Virgin (Prime).
f. 39r, Miniature divided in 4 medallions: 1-2. Christ before Pilate; 3. Pilate washing his hands; 4. Christ being led away (Terce). f. 39v, Historiated initial 'A'(d dominum) of the Virgin appearing to Theophilus (Terce).
f. 40v, Historiated initial 'L'(evavi) of the Virgin taking Theophilus's bond from the Devil (Terce).
f. 41v, Historiated initial 'L'(etatus) of the Virgin returning the bond to Theophilus (Terce). f. 42v, Historiated initial 'A'(b initio) of Theophilus burning the bond (Terce).
f. 43r, Historiated initial 'C'(once[de]) of William de Brailes as a tonsured man at prayer, accompanied by the inscription: 'w. de brail' q. me depeint' (Terce).
f. 43v, Miniature divided in 4 medallions: 1. Incident of the wandering Jew; 2. Christ carrying the Cross; 3. Christ being stripped of his raiment; 4. Christ standing at the foot of the Cross (Sext). f. 44r, Historiated initial 'A'(d te) of the Virgin taking Theophilus's soul to heaven (Sext).
Scenes from the story of the priest who only knew the mass of the Virgin:
f. 44v, Historiated initial 'N'(isi) of a priest saying the mass (Sext).
f. 45v, Historiated initial 'Q'(ui) of the priest being suspended by St Thomas Becket (Sext).
f. 46v, Historiated initial 'E'(t) of St Thomas refusing to reinstate the priest (Sext).
f. 47r, Historiated initial 'C'(oncede) of William de Brailes as a tonsured man at prayer, accompanied by the inscription: 'w. de brail' (Sext).
f. 47v, Miniature divided in 3 sections: 1. The Crucifixion; 2. Virgin Mary and St John at the Cross; 3. Longinus piercing the side of Christ (None).
f. 48r, Historiated initial 'I'(n) of St Thomas refusing to reinstate the priest the second time (None).
f. 49r, Historiated initial 'N'(isi) of the Virgin vesting St Thomas with a hair tunic (None).
f. 49v, Historiated initial 'B'(eati) of the priest crossing the sea (None).
f. 50v, Historiated initial 'E'(t) of St Thomas refusing to reinstate the priest the third time (None).
f. 53r, Historiated initial 'L'(etatus), of the Virgin telling the priest about St Thomas's hair tunic (Vespers).
f. 54r, Historiated initial 'A'(d te) of the priest crossing the sea (Vespers).
f. 54v, Historiated initial 'N'(isi) of the priest telling St Thomas of the Virgin's revelation to him (Vespers).
f. 55v, Historiated initial 'Q'(ui) of St Thomas reinstating the priest (Vespers).
f. 56r, Historiated initial 'I'(n) of the priest celebrating mass (Vespers).
f. 58r, Historiated initial 'B'(eata) of the death of the priest (Vespers).
f. 58r, Historiated initial 'A'(ve) of three clerks singing (Vespers).
f. 59r, Historiated initial 'M'(agnificat) of Archangel Gabriel announcing to the Virgin her death (Vespers).
f. 60r, Historiated initial 'U'(sque) of the Apostles salute the Virgin (Compline).
f. 61r, Historiated initial 'I'(udica) of the Death of the Virgin; the Virgin carried to burial; the burial of the Virgin; the Assumption of the Virgin's soul; the Coronation of the Virgin (Compline).
f. 61v, Historiated initial 'S'(epe) of the nine Jews being blinded at the Burial of the Virgin (Compline).
f. 62v, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) of St Peter restoring the sight of one of the Jews (Compline).
f. 63r, Historiated initial 'S'(icut) of the Jew curing one of his blinded countrymen (Compline).
f. 63v, Historiated initial 'V'(irgo) of the Jew failing to cure one of his countrymen who refuses to believe in Christ (Compline).
f. 64v, Historiated initial 'Q'(ueram) of a woman praying (Compline).
Scenes from the story of David's sin against Uriah the Hittite:
f. 66r, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) of David and Nathan (Psalm 6).
f. 67v, Historiated initial B(eati) of David's penance (Psalm 32).
f. 69r, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) David praying (Psalm 38).
f. 72r, Historiated initial 'M'([ise]rere) of David receiving the discipline (Psalm 51).
f. 75r, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) of a woman in prayer (Psalm 102).
f. 78r, Historiated initial 'D'(e profundis) of David at prayer (Psalm 130).
f. 79r, Historiated initial 'D'(omine) of David in prayer (Psalm 143).
f. 81r, Historiated initial 'K'(yrieleison) of Christ as a judge (Litany).
f. 87v, Historiated initial 'D'(eus qui proprium) of a woman praying (Collect).
f. 88r, Historiated initial 'P'(retende Domine) of woman in prayer (Collect).
f. 88v, Historiated initial 'D'(eus qui est sanctorum) of a man praying (Collect).
Scenes from the story of Susanna:
f. 90r, Historiated initial 'A'(d dominum) of Susanna praying (Psalm 119).
f. 90v, Historiated initial 'L'(evavi) of Susanna being brought before the judges (Psalm 120).
f. 91v, Historiated initial 'L'(etatus) of Daniel questioning the first elder (Psalm 121).
f. 92v, Historiated initial 'A'(d te levavi) of Daniel questioning the second elder (Psalm 122).
f. 93r, Historiated initial 'N'(isi) of the elders being exposed as liars (Psalm 123).
f. 94r, Historiated initial 'Q'(ui confidunt) of the elders being burnt (Psalm 124).
f. 95r, Historiated initial 'N'(isi) of Susanna praising God (Psalm 126).
f. 96r, Historiated initial 'B'(eati) of Susanna's soul being carried up to heaven (Psalm 127).
Scenes from the story of the burgess who gave a chalice to the church of St Laurence:
f. 97v, Historiated initial 'D'(e profundis) of the burgess's gift (Psalm 129).
f. 98v, Historiated initial 'M'(emento) of St Michael and the Devil contending for the burgess's soul (Psalm 131).
f. 100v, Historiated initial 'E'(cce) of a recluse watching the Devil weighing the burgess's sins and St Michael his good deeds (Psalm 132).
f. 101r, Historiated initial 'E'(cce) of St Laurence placing the chalice on the scale (Psalm 133).
f. 101v, Historiated initial 'L'(audate) of the burgess's soul being carried up to heaven.
- Collection Area:
- Western Manuscripts
- Project / Collection:
- Additional Manuscripts
- Hierarchy Record Ids:
- 032-002083194
040-002083195 - Is part of:
- Add MS 49999-50005 : DYSON PERRINS MANUSCRIPTS
Add MS 49999 : Book of Hours ('The De Brailes Hours') (formerly known as 'The Dyson Perrins Hours') - Hierarchy:
- 032-002083194[0001]/040-002083195
- Container:
- View / search within Archive / Collection: Add MS 49999-50005
- Record Type (Level):
- File
- Extent:
-
Parchment codex
- Digitised Content:
- http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_49999 (digital images currently unavailable)
- Thumbnail:
-
- Languages:
- Anglo-Norman
French
Latin - Scripts:
- Latin
- Start Date:
- 1235
- End Date:
- 1245
- Date Range:
- c 1240
- Era:
- CE
- Access:
- Restrictions to access apply please consult British Library staff
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- User Conditions:
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Letter of introduction required to view this manuscript.
- Physical Characteristics:
-
Materials: Parchment.
Dimensions: 150 x 125 mm (text space 115 x 80 mm).
Foliation: ff. vii + 105 (ff. i and vii are parchment pastedowns; ff. ii-iii are medieval parchment flyleaves at the beginning, ff. v-vi are medieval parchment flyleaves at the end, f. iv is a remaining fragment of an excised parchment leaf after f. 105).
Script: Gothic. ff. 51r-52v, 57r-57v, and 65r-65v are written by a different 13th-century Italian hand.
Binding: Pre-1600; England. Medieval binding, perhaps contemporary with the manuscript (see Pollard, 'The Construction of English Twelfth-Century Bindings' (1962), p. 3). Beech-boards covered with sheepskin, originally stained puce; with traces of metal bosses on each cover, and a silk strap with a pin fastening; a star-shaped silver nail in the fragment of the strap. The spine and tailband are missing.
- Custodial History:
-
Origin: England, South (Oxford).
Provenance
William de Brailes (fl. c. 1230 - c. 1260), illuminator documented in Oxford between 1238 and 1252 in relation to several property transactions and as owning a house on Catte Street (see Donovan, The de Brailes Hours (1991), Appendix 5), illuminated by him: his signatures: 'W. de Brailes qui me depeint.' (ff. 43r and 47r), made presumably for a woman: includes four images of a woman in prayer (ff. 64v, 75r, 87v, 88r).
Added prayers in Anglo-Norman French including prayers for friars Richard of Newark (Nottinghamshire), Richard of Westey, and Bartholomew of Grimston (d. c. 1265; joined the Dominican order in c. 1240, probably at Cambridge, see Hinnebusch, The Early English Friars Preachers (1951), p. 262, and Forte, 'A Cambridge Dominican Collector of Exempla in the Thirteenth Century' (1958), pp. 138-39), mid-13th century (f. 102v).
Jacques Rosenthal (b. 1854, d. 1937), bookseller of Munich: sold to Dyson Perrins in 1906 for £1350.
Charles William Dyson Perrins (b. 1906, d.1958), collector and bibliophile: his bookplate (f. i recto); former shelfmark: Dyson Perrins MS 4; acquired from him by the British Museum in 1959 with the assistance of the Art Fund.
- Former External References:
- Dyson Perrins MS 4
- Administrative Context:
- England, South (Oxford).
- Information About Copies:
-
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript, see Digitised Manuscripts http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/.
- Publications:
-
G. Warner, Descriptive Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts in the Library of C.W. Perrins (Oxford: printed at the University Press, 1920), pp. 11-25.
S.C. Cockerell, The Work of W. de Brailes, an English illuminator of the thirteenth century (Cambridge: Roxburghe Club, 1930).
A.C. Fryer, 'Theophilus the Penitent as Represented in Art', Archaeological Journal, 92 (1935), 289-333 (pp. 295, 307, 319).
W.A. Hinnebusch, The Early English Friars Preachers (Rome: Ad S. Sabinae, 1951), p. 262.
G. Pollard, 'William de Brailes', Bodleian Library Record, 5 (1955), 202-09.
S. Forte, 'A Cambridge Dominican Collector of Exempla in the Thirteenth Century', Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 28 (1958), 115-48 (pp. 138-39).
G. Pollard, 'The Construction of English Twelfth-Century Bindings', The Library, 5th series, 17 (1962), pp. 13-14.
[Derek Howard Turner], Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 5 (London: British Museum, 1965), no. 8.
Illuminated Manuscripts Exhibited in the Grenville Library (London, British Museum, 1967), no. 14.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Manuscript (Oxford: Phaidon, 1979), pl. 27.
Nigel J. Morgan, 'Notes on the Post-Conquest Calendar, Litany and Martyrology of the Cathedral Priory of Winchester with a Consideration of Winchester Diocese Calendars of the Pre-Sarum period', in The Vanishing Past: Medieval Studies Presented to Chrisopher Hohler, ed. by Alan Borg and Andrew Martindale (Oxford: British Archeological Reports, 1981), pp. 133-74.
Nigel J. Morgan, Early Gothic Manuscripts, 2 vols, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 4 (Harvey Miller: London, 1982), I: 1190-1250, no. 73.
Janet Backhouse, Books of Hours (London: British Library, 1985), fig. 39.
Claire Donovan, 'The Mise-en-page of Early Books of Hours in England', in Medieval Book Production: Assessing the Evidence, ed. by Linda L. Brownrigg (Los Altos Hills, California: Anderson-Lovelace, 1990), pp. 147-62, fig. 1.
Claire Donovan, The de Brailes Hours: Shaping the Book of Hours in Thirteenth-Century Oxford (London, British Library, 1991), p. 203, no. 20.
Michael Camille, ‘An Oxford University Textbook illuminated by William de Brailes,’ The Burlington Magazine, 137 (1995), 292-99.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in The British Library (London: British Library, 1997), pl. 55.
Peter Kidd, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Sam Fogg, 1999), p. 8 [sale catalogue].
Ruth Dean and Maureen Bolton, Anglo-Norman Literature, A Guide to Texts and Manuscripts (London: Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1999), nos. 740, 830.
Nigel J. Morgan, ‘The Decorative Ornament of the Text and Page in Thirteenth-century England: Initials, Border Extensions and Line Fillers’, in Decoration and Illustration in Medieval English Manuscripts, English Manuscript Studies 1100-1700, 10 (London: British Library, 2002), pp. 1-33 (p. 13).
C.M. Kauffmann, Biblical Imagery in Medieval England 700-1500 (London: Harvey Miller, 2003), fig. 116.
Paul Binski, Becket’s Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pls 114, 151.
Eamon Duffy, Marking the Hours: English People and Their Prayers 1240-1570 (New Haven: Yale, 2006), pp. 8, pl. 2.
Peter Kidd, 'A Franciscan Bible Illuminated in the Style of William de Brailes', Electonic British Library Journal, 2007, article 8 [http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2007articles/article8.html] [accessed 6 August 2008].
Deirdre Jackson, 'The Influence of the Theophilus Legend: An Overlooked Miniature in Alfonso X's Cantigas de Santa Maria and its Wider Context', in Under the Influence: The Concept of Influence and the Study of Illuminated Manuscripts, ed. by John Lowden and Alixe Bovey (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), pp. 75-87 (p. 79, fig. 2).
Margaret Scott, Medieval Dress & Fashion (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 35.
Aden Kumler, Translating Truth: Ambitious Images and Religious Knowledge in Late Medieval France and England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), pp. 110 (fig. 29), 111, 255 (n. 28).
Kathryn M. Rudy, Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in Late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts, Library of the Written Word, 55, The Manuscript World, 8 (Brill: Leiden, 2017), p. 143.
Laura Cleaver, 'Charles William Dyson Perrins as a Collector of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts c. 1900-1920', Perspectives médiévales [Online], 41 (2020), 1-26 (p. 14).
- Exhibitions:
- The Middle Ages, (online), 26 March 2015-
- Material Type:
- Archives and Manuscripts
- Legal Status:
- Not Public Record(s)